粒子

Boyle's law: When the volume of the gas is decreased, The molecules have less volume to move in.

波义耳定律当容器体积减少，粒子来回撞击更频密，所以压强增加。

Characterization of complementary DNAs derived from braconid wasp ovaries identified genes encoding subunits of a viral RNA polymerase and structural components of polydnavirus particles related most closely to those of nudiviruses—a sister group of baculoviruses.

基因编码的RNA聚合酶亚组和多去氧核糖核酸病毒粒子的结构组件，与nudiviruses有着密切的联系。而通过来自小茧蜂卵巢互补DNAs的表征可以将两者识别出来。

Rules for fusing, which specify the possible values of the charge that can be obtained when two particles of known charge are combinedbtogether, used for reading out information. In the #nu=5/2# FQH state, it can be realized by measuring whether each pair annihilates fully or not with interference experiment. The representation of the braid group realized by n anyons is cmpletely characterized by the R-matrix and F-matrix which satisfy a pentagon equation and a hexagon equation, coherence conditions for the corresponding anyon model.

满足一定的聚合规则，用于信息读取（在填充因子为5/2的分数量子霍尔效应中，可以通过干涉实验测量每对相邻的粒子相聚合的湮灭情况来实现信息读取）；N个任意子组成的体系的标准基中辫子群表示可以完全由R矩阵和F矩阵决定，不同任意子模型中的R矩阵和F矩阵的具体形式可以通过五边形和六边形方程求出。

One is tradition algorithm,which consists branch and bound method,improving loop method,cupidity algorithm,MST algorithm,MM algorithm,insertion method.Another is modern optimization algorithm which consists simulated annealing algorithm,artificial immune algorithm,genetic algorithm,ant colony algorithm,particle swarm optimization,Tabu Search,Hopfield neural network.The third is algorithm of DNA computing which is designed by authors.

第一种为传统算法，包括分支定界法、改良回路法、贪婪算法、MST算法、MM算法、插入法等；第二种为现代优化算法，包括模拟退火算法、人工免疫算法、遗传算法、蚁群算法、粒子群优化算法、禁忌搜索算法、Hopfield神经网络算法等；第三种为论文提出的DNA计算算法。

Unlike Breen, we decompose the deformation of textile into elastic de formation, bend and shear, and deduce simple energy functions of the three kinds of deformation in accordance with the principles of strength of materials.

采用与布的物理结构相似的粒子网格作为布的模型，在此基础上，将布受到外力作用时的形变归纳为弹性伸缩、弯曲和剪切3类，并推导出相应的能量函数来描述这3种形变。

A new method is used to measure ~(32)P through count of bremsstrahlung of LS counter or Cherenkov.

采用γ计数仪测定β粒子产生的韧致辐射定量测定32P。

In electron storage rings, the interactions by beams with residual gas produce the bremsstrahlung which has not been sufficiently understood and is the main course of the loss of the beam.

由于加速器产生高能粒子，在实际应用中必须面临辐射防护方面的问题。加速器储存环直线节中残余气体产生的轫致辐射是同步辐射装置中光束线防护的重要课题之一。

To weave broadcloth is but to rearrange, in a peculiar manner, the particles of wool

织绒面呢只不过是按独特方式重新排列羊毛的粒子

This is the statistical explaination of de Broglie wave

普遍地说，在某处德布罗意波的强度与粒子在该处邻近出现的概率成正比，这就是德布罗意波的统计解释。

According to De Broglie, light possesses wave-particle duality like any material particles.

依据德布罗意的理论，光和一切物质粒子一样具有波粒二重性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。