粒子

Portable anemoscope was used to get the spray velocity and dsauter was verified with laser phase Doppler particle ane...

采用风速计测量了喷雾速度，以及相位多普勒粒子测速仪测量验证了dsauter。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Results of variations of the intensity of the scattering field as function of scattering angle and particles radius are presented.

同时给出了Mie散射的散射场强度随散射角的变化以及内部场强随粒子半径的变化。

By applying the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method to the detonation driving plate problems, a clear wave structure in the metal plate and the varying process of the projection angle were obtained.

将光滑粒子法(smoothed particle hydrodynamics method， SPH)应用于金属平板爆轰驱动过程的数值模拟，得到了炸药与金属相互作用的清晰的图像和平板抛射角的变化。

Firstly, to further improve detection accuracy, the tilt angle of the license plate is determined based on the minimum p-th power variance of vertical coordinates of the horizontally projected edge points.

针对常用的旋转投影车牌倾斜检测算法检测精度不高和计算量大的问题，提出一种基于投影坐标p次方差及粒子群的车牌倾斜检测方法。

The average AOD is 0.5183 at 550 nm, and the average Angstrom parameters and are 0.2325 and 1.3373, respectively. The daily variation of AOD and the cause are discussed.

对Angstrom参数的分析表明仙林地区气溶胶以中小粒子为主，这对于分析和监测南京地区大气污染、改善空气质量具有一定的积极意义。

We had used the solar spectral data to retrieve the Angstrom turbidity coefficient, the angstrom wavelength exponent, aerosol size distribution.

通过太阳光度计观测的数据，反演出该地区在2002年气溶胶的浊度系数、波长指数、及其粒子谱的分布。

Angstrom The quantum laws of atomic scale require a description of electron motion that is more subtle and less sequential than for the moving particles of ordinary experience.

1埃 10^(-10)米原子尺度上的量子规律决定了电子运动比通常形式的粒子运动更为微妙，也更不确定。

Angular distribution and energy spectrum of the high-energy particles produced during the interaction of ultra-short ultra-intense...

本论文研究了超短超强激光与等离子体相互作用中高能粒子发射的角分布和能谱。

Angular distribution and energy spectrum of the high-energy particles produced during the interaction of ultra-short ultra-intense laser pulse with plasma are studied in this paper.

本论文研究了超短超强激光与等离子体相互作用中高能粒子发射的角分布和能谱。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。