粒子

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有机复合阳离子絮凝(使液体中悬浮微粒集聚变大或形成絮团，从而加快粒子聚沉，达到固-液分离的过程)剂是利用化学法合成的一种新型阳离子絮凝(使液体中悬浮微粒集聚变大或形成絮团，从而加快粒子聚沉，达到固-液分离的过程)剂，属国内外首创，与其他常规药剂相比具有五大优点：与常用药剂聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁、硫酸铝等相比，与聚丙烯酰胺类絮凝(使液体中悬浮微粒集聚变大或形成絮团，从而加快粒子聚沉，达到固-液分离的过程)剂联合使用，药剂量少，从而降低废水处理(通过物化方法去除水中一些物质的过程)费约20％—30％；处理废水效果好，絮团沉降速度快，使废水能再生利用，节约水资源；其絮团沉渣过滤性能好，煤泥可全部厂内回收，即节能又有利于保护环境；对设备腐蚀小；具有多功能，既有凝聚作用，又有絮凝(使液体中悬浮微粒集聚变大或形成絮团，从而加快粒子聚沉，达到固-液分离的过程)作用和助滤作用，可作为助滤剂。

Oxygen ion beam of 6.0 MeV was selected as incident ion, and the ERD spectra were detected at the angle of 30°, then the cross-sections for O to D and T are Rutherford cross section under this experiment condition.

以6.0 MeV O粒子作为入射粒子，在30°方向上探测反冲粒子，在此实验条件下，O粒子对D、T的碰撞截面为卢瑟福截面。

Using cytochalasin D to prevent global actin from forming filamentous structures, the production of Heliothis armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Hz-AM1 cells grown in the medium containing 0.5μg/ml CD was completely inhibited while its production was reduced to 10〓 in the presence of 0.1μg/ml CD by plaque assay. However, Western blotting revealed that the actin quantity in infected host cells treated or untreated with CD was almost identical. Additionally, CD had no effect on the DNA synthesis of HaNPV.

Western blot表明细胞松弛素D并不影响受染细胞中肌动蛋白的含量，Dot blot表明病毒DNA的合成也没有受到影响，但电子显微镜超薄切片发现在0.5ug／mL细胞松弛素D中形成的病毒粒子形态与正常的有明显区别，认为细胞松弛素D抑制棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的增殖是因为抑制病毒的DNA和蛋白组装成完整有感染性的病毒粒子，即丝状肌动蛋白对病毒粒子的脱壳和DNA的复制、转录没有影响，但对病毒粒子的组装是必须的。

The passive tracking dynamics is modeled by the turn rate, and the basic steps of the nonlinear particle filter are discussed. According to constraint conditions including the terrain data and the maneuvering capability of the target, outrange particles are discarded during prediction and update steps, and the distribution and the weight of particles are adjusted. The performance and the RMSE are analyzed by comparison simulations with the unconstraint particle filter.

使用转弯率概念建立了被动跟踪模型，阐述了非线性粒子滤波的基本过程；通过设定地域和机动性能约束条件，抛弃约束外粒子，并对粒子分布和权重进行调整，利用CPF进行了目标跟踪仿真实验，与无约束的粒子滤波跟踪进行了对比，分析了轨迹跟踪性能，比较了跟踪误差。

Based on the source terms and fusion burn-up equations,a three-temperature plasma model is founded in which the electrons,ions,and the radiation filed are represented by separate temperatureskT_e,kT_i and kT_r,respectively,where kT_r is characterized by a Planckian distribution.

第四章建立了考虑α粒子慢化的两温模型和三温模型，首先导出了考虑慢化的α粒子对等离子体的能源项，替换已有的两温模型的等离子体能量密度方程中的能源项，将其改进为考虑α粒子慢化过程的两温模型，与瞬时沉积能量的两温模型作了对比，在不同的初始温度密度条件下考察了α粒子慢化对等离子体聚变燃烧的影响。

Excitation functions of neutron, proton and α particle emission prior to scission measured in the reactions 28 Si+ 164,167,170 Er→ 192,195,198 Pb are studied using an extensive fission diffusion model and it is found that the model can well describe the trend of particle multiplicities of Pb isotopes measured experimentally as a function of the bombarding energy,which indicates the existence of isotope effects in prescission particle emission.

用推广的裂变扩散模型研究了2 8Si+16 4，16 7，170 Er→192 ，195，198Pb反应中测量的断前中子、质子和α粒子多重性的激发函数。发现扩散模型能很好地拟合这些轻粒子多重性随裂变系统激发能和Pb同位素的变化趋势。表明断前粒子发射存在一个同位素效应。进而在一个考虑了裂变过程中摩擦效应的统计模型的框架内，在In和Er这两个元素的同位素链中，考察了同位素效应与裂变碎片质量不对称性和裂变系统尺度的关系。计算结果表明：同位素效应的存在不依赖于裂变系统的大小和不对称性。此外，当裂变系统具有高的中质比时，轻带电粒子发射将不再敏感于裂变延迟时间的长短，而中子发射则非常敏感。

TEM, FTIR, spectrophotometry characterized the morphology, structure and dispersion stability of nanoparticles respectively. The results show that the inorganic nanoparticles in the aqueous solution can redisperse more effectively through ultrasonic irradiation than by conventional stirring, which was the basis for monomers to polymerize on the surface of nanoparticles. By selecting proper nanoparticles and monomers, the long-stable latexes were successfully prepared.

研究了超声辐照下多种纳米粒子(SiO〓、Al〓O〓、TiO〓)在水体系中的分散、粉碎及活化等各种行为，采用TEM、FTIR、分光光度法等对纳米粒子的形态、结构、分散稳定性进行了表征，证明超声辐照比常规搅拌更有效地实现无机纳米粒子在液相中的分散，为单体在纳米粒子表面的聚合创造了条件。

From packaging business card printing and membership card making ink dispersion system, small particle size of pigment particles adsorption of resin and solvent relatively significant pigment particles is more than likely, it is often represented as density gets smaller, large-size variable density of pigment particles will cause the pigment particles; and handlethe under-metaphysical upfloat fluoroaracil colors of and form the business card printing and membership card making ink and floating.

从敌国包装制卡和会员卡制息油不朱凑拢编制看，小粒径的颜料粒子吸附的树脂和溶剂相不不不不不差给比不小的颜料粒子不小得众，不常表示为密度变小，不小粒径的颜料粒子密度变不小便会酿成颜料粒子的下沉；而下粒径的颜料上浮而构成了制卡和会员卡制息油不朱的浮色本体。

A new particle filtering algorithm was proposed, which introduced Swarm Intelligence niching technique into particle filtering in order to enhance particles diversity and search ability and convert above issues into a multi-modal optimization so that measure information is fully. As a result, particles can move towards the high likelihood areas which increase precision for system state estimation.

提出了一种新的粒子滤波算法，将群智能算法中的小生境技术引入粒子滤波中，增强粒子的多样性和寻优能力，同时将上述问题转化为多模寻优问题从而充分应用观测信息，使得采样后的粒子朝着高似然区域移动，从而有效地提高系统状态估计精度。

E The fractal and spherical particles exist favorably in the coarse fraction, while in the fine mode (0μm) are floccules formed by flocking fine particles together, containing crustal elements and mainly being silicates and aluminosilicates. f The content of Al, Si, Fe in TSP samples is higher than in PM〓, indicating an enrichment of these elements in coarse mode. g Compared with non-dust particles, the dust particles are more homogeneous in terms of morphology, particle size and composition. h Particles with irregular shape and well-distributed size dominate in dust samples, containing crustal elements such as Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe et al.

细粒中除小圆球外，大多为细小颗粒聚结在一起的不规则块状颗粒，主要含地壳元素，可能是硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐。fMg、Al、Si、Fe在PM〓中的含量较相应的TSP中的低，可见这些元素主要存在于较粗颗粒中。g沙尘期气溶胶粒子的形貌较非沙尘期单一、均匀，非沙尘气溶胶粒子的形貌、组分较沙尘期复杂。h沙尘期样品中，粒径均匀、形状不规则的颗粒最多，这些颗粒主要含地壳元素Mg、Al、Si、Ca和Fe等，是典型的由源区传输过来的沙尘粒子，但其高硫含量表明在青岛特殊的地理环境下，在粒子表面发生了硫的均相和非均相反应。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。