粒子

For non-intense beams,particle trajectory can be obtained by multiplying linear transport matrices. For nonlinear transport of intense beams,the influence of space-charge effect on beam transport needs to be taken into account,and self-consistent solution should be derived because of the interaction between charged particle distribution and space charge field. In the program,components and currents are divided into equal intervals,respectively,and each interval is treated as a uniform solenoid field.

程序在计算非强流脉冲束流的线性传输时，粒子的轨迹通过矩阵的直接相乘计算得出；程序在计算强流脉冲束流的非线性传输时，需要考虑束流中的空间电荷效应对束流传输的影响，在束流运动过程中，空间电荷场也在不断地变化，而且粒子运动的轨迹与空间电荷势又是相互依赖的，因此需要求得一个自洽的解，先把元件分成若干均等的区间，把电流分成若干等份，后采用束流电流迭代与元件区间迭代的计算方法。

Silver-coated glass microsphere core-shell particle s were prepared by silver electroless plating on the self-assembly monolayer technique.

采用自组装化学镀银技术制备了银包玻璃微珠核-壳粒子，并且运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和电子能谱仪等对该核-壳粒子的物相和形貌等进行了表征。

Sliver nanoplates were prepared through a visible light induced reduction process by a reaction between sodium citrate and silver nitrate in an aqueous solvent at room temperature. UV-Vis spectra were employed to monitor the growth of the silver nanoplates.

在水相体系中以柠檬酸钠和硝酸银为反应物，利用可见光诱导的还原过程在室温下制备盘状的银纳米粒子，通过紫外-可见光谱监控了不同反应条件下银纳米粒子的生长过程及体系的稳定性。

With this method, the nextto-leading order Debye screening mass was evaluated within real time hot QCD. Since the gluon damping rate was included self-consistently on the internal line of the self-energy, the infrared divergences were removed without putting by hand in a nonperturbative magnetic mass as a cutoff, and the results are positive and gauge-independent. In addition, the selfconsistent calculation method of the damping rates of the fast moving particles in a QGP was suggested, the self-consitent equations were derived at finite tempeature without infrared divergences, and the approximation solutions were shown. Meanwhile the relaxation times of the gluons and quarks were estimated as τ〓～0.7fm/c and τ〓～1.5fm/c at energy scales of RHIC and LHC.

用这种自洽方法从实时热QCD出发用计算了QGP中次带头阶Debye屏蔽质量，由于自洽包含了胶子自能内线中横胶子的衰减率，克服了红外发散的困难，不必用手加的非微扰磁质量作截断，证明了得到的结果是正定的且规范无关，同时本文给出了QGP中快速粒子衰减率的自洽计算方法，推出了有限温度下快速粒子衰减率的自治方程且红外发散不出现，给出了方程的近似解，并估计了RHIC和LHC能标下胶子和夸克的弛豫时间分别为τ〓～0.7fm/c，τ〓～1.5fm/c。

The average field idea and the single particle model have been introduced, and the motion behaviours in large scale of beam particles have been disscussed for 2 Dimension crystallization beams in storage rings.

利用平均场概念和单粒子模型讨论了储存环中二维晶化束的大尺度运动行为，结果再现了粒子轨道的螺旋运动特征，并用天体物理学方法揭示了螺旋轨道不断进动的新运动形

Produce any visual effect you can imagine, from highly realistic natural phenomena to stylized, 2D "painterly" effects. Maya software delivers dynamic interaction of hard and soft bodies determined by physical rules, along with the state-of-the-art visual-effects technology of Maya nCloth, Maya nParticles, Maya Fluid Effects, Maya Fur, Maya Hair, and more.

nDynamics：Maya核心之一的仿真框架得益于创新的nparticles模块，支持粒子间对撞（想必早期maya版本不支持粒子碰撞而使用户使用Realflow及Houdini等特效软件让大家郁闷很久），而且可以和Maya ncloth互相作用，用一个非常特殊的方法模拟液体的流动。

The theoretical research on probability theory and random process and the practical applications show that the class normal distribution is most widely distributed in actual natural phenomenon and social phenomenon, cloud model is a powerful tool in simulating class normal distribution, controlling particle generation and particles attribute alternation of the particles system based on the cloud mode will simulate the natural rain more realistically, and has more fidelity effect.

概率论与随机过程的理论研究和实际应用表明，类正态分布在实际的自然现象与社会现象中分布最为广泛，云模型是模拟生成类正态分布的有力工具，基于云模型控制粒子系统的粒子生成、属性的改变能够更真实地模拟自然雨的生成，具有更逼真的效果。

The image processing method of PIV was studied on the base of the image correlation theory in this paper. The simulated particle image displacement field was reconstructed. The reconstruction result of auto correlation and cross correlation , and the error of cross correlation were given. The difference of this two correlation method was analyzed.

以图像相关理论为基础，研究粒子图像测速技术的图像处理方法，编制出高精度的处理软件，重建计算模拟的粒子图像位移场，给出了自相关法与互相关法的积相关与减相关的计算结果，及互相关法的误差分析，分析了自相关与互相关区别。

A suspension of finely divided particles in a continuous medium in which the particles are approximately5 to5, 000 angstroms in size, do not settle out of the substance rapidly, and are not readily filtered .

胶质在一连续介质中被细微分开的粒子形成的悬浮状态，粒子尺度约5至5，000埃，不会很快从该物质中分离，也不易被滤出

Fewer than zero particles being present usually means that you have antiparticles instead.

出现比0要少的粒子通常说明了你有了反粒子。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。