粒子

In: Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1999: 1958~1962.[9] Kennedy J. Small worlds and Mega-minds: effects of neighborhood topology on particle swarm performance. In: Proceedings Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1999: 1931~1938.[10] Peram T, Veeramachaneni K, Mohan C K. Fitness-distance-ratio based particle swarm optimization.

近来性能较为显著的基于PSO算法的改进算法有Thanmaya Peram[10]等人于2003年提出的基于粒子群优化的适应值-距离-比例算法(Fitness-Distance-Ratio based Particle Swarm Optimization， FDR-PSO)，在此算法中每个粒子根据一定的适应值-距离-比例原则，向附近具有较好适应值的多个粒子进行不同程度的靠近，而不仅仅只向当前所发现的最好粒子靠近。

Itwas found that the"out-group"antiparticles of Bose type, which came into being because of CP ( charge conjugation-parity conservation) violation in the early universe and became heavier due to the phase transformation from low temperature to high temperature, are the supersymmetry companionsof the"in- group"particles of Fermi type.

研究了编内粒子和"编外"粒子的对称性，发现因宇宙早期CP破坏导致从低温到高温的相变而变重的玻色型"编外"反粒子是费米型编内粒子的超对称伴子。

This process is simulated wave and the effect of water droplets, including particle formation, particle movement, particles of death, Particle rendering and scene rendering.

本程序是模拟水波和水滴的效果，包括粒子的生成、粒子的运动、粒子的死亡、粒子的绘制及场景的绘制。

This process is simulated wave and the effect of water droplets, including particle formation, particle movement, particle...

本程序是模拟水波和水滴的效果，包括粒子的生成、粒子的运动、粒子的死亡、粒子的绘制及场景的绘制。

The results show that the scattered radiant intensity is always symmetric with respect to the polarization plane, and that the scattered intensity is sensitive to the scattering particle size regardless of the incident radiation polarization, and finally, that the vertical components in the scattered light are totally different distribution for two kinds of polarized radiation.

散射粒子直径分别为：1.24μm、0.494μm、0.36μm、0.123μm、0.065μm。以粒子与水技不同比例混合液，作为散射粒子场。所得结果表明，散射光强度总是相对入射光束的偏振面呈对称分布；散射光强度对散射粒子大小敏感而与入射光偏振态无关；散射光中垂直偏振分量在两种光入射下存在完全不同的状态分布。

And we also use the Poisson's equation to calculate the electric field spatial distribution.

在此流体模式中，考虑中性粒子、带电粒子与激发态粒子的连续方程以计算各粒子的密度空间分布。

There are two focus included as the following two topics:The measurement of equilibrium charge of dust particles in the plasmas By studying the forces acting on dust particles at the equilibrium position, where, the electric force and gravity force are importantly considered, the equilibrium charge of dust particles can be presumedly calculated according to the relation of the forces.

文中着重进行了以下两个方面的研究：一、等离子体中尘埃粒子平衡电荷量的测量通过研究尘埃粒子在平衡位置处的受力情况确定尘埃颗粒所带的电荷量。主要考虑两种力的作用即尘埃粒子所受的电场力和重力。根据这两种力的平衡关系就可以粗略得出尘埃粒子在平衡位置处的电荷量。

The use of OpenGL to write the pyrotechnic particle system by adding speed and particle acceleration and color control, package of building other types of particles in the framework, the development of other particles can be used as a reference system.

详细说明：使用OpenGL写的烟火粒子系统，加入了速度和加速度和粒子颜色的控制，封装了构建其他粒子的类框架，可作为开发其他粒子系统的参考。

It has been proved that the CuTAPc could disperse spontaneously onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to form molecular dispersion layer and the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated by CuTAPc. The nanoparticle composites took the shape of roundish spheres with their mean diameter of about 50 nm.

结果表明形成了以CuTAPc包覆在Fe3O4纳米粒子表面的纳米复合粒子，粒子呈现不规则球形，且分布均匀，粒子平均粒径在50 nm左右。

With the help of the model,the relationship between the target position deviation angle and the scattering intensity was obtained and the effect of scattered light on the signal was analyzed from the view of scattering.

基于Mie理论，考虑粒子尺度分布函数，得到了群体粒子散射模型，在该基础上，建立了目标方位偏差角与散射光强的关系式，从粒子散射的角度分析了粒子散射光强对回波信号的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。