粒子

Such a hypothetical particle (a tachyon, as opposed to the more familiar tardyon, or slower-than-light particle) might emit Cerenkov radiation analogous to the bow wave of a ship, and thus might perhaps be detected.

这样一个假设的粒子（超光速粒子是相对于较熟悉的次光速粒子，或者是亚光速粒子而言的）可能放出类似于轮船涡流的契伦科夫辐射，因此可能被探测到。

The battery electrode is characterized in that the battery electrode comprises an electrode frame which is arranged in the battery body, movable electrode particles are piled in the electrode frame, the electrode particles are negative particles or positive particles made of solid electrode material, the electrode frame has net-shaped structure and is connectively provided with an input pipeline and an output pipeline which extend out of the battery body, and the electrode frame is connectively provided with an electrode post head.

其特征在于包括安装在电池体内的电极框，电极框内堆积可活动的电极粒子，所述的电极粒子为固体电极材料制成的阴极粒子或阳极粒子，所述的电极框为网状结构，电极框上连接设置伸出电池体外的输入管道、输出管道，电极框上还连接设置电极接线柱。

The particle density criterion and the temperature criterion of instability for the imperfect Fermi gas with weakly attractive interaction are given, and the dependance of the critical density of particles on the temperature...

给出了不稳定性的粒子数密度判据和温度判据，就不同逸度情况下临界粒子数密度的具体表达结果以及温度、粒子质量和吸引相互作用对临界粒子数密度的影响进行了讨论。

The approach is based on the principle that the a pa rticle will form double points on the image plane when the particle is out of fo cus in an optical system with a two pinhole lens.

该方法是当利用双孔透镜成像时，单点粒子在离焦光学成像系统中会形成包含粒子空间信息的两点像，根据粒子像在像平面上的位置和间距可以获取空间粒子的三维空间位置。

For a fixed particle volume, the influences of the key parameters of the system under consideration, including the thickness of double layer, the aspect ratio of a particle, the relative size of a cylindrical pore, and the charged conditions on the particle and pore surfaces, on the on the mobility of the particle are discussed.

首先，我们先固定所有粒子的体积大小，然后再改变不同的电双层厚度、粒子与边界本身带电与否、管径的大小以及粒子或边界本身带电情形的不同，分别将这些因素作用在不同椭球粒子上，并根据其相对所产生的泳动率之大小做讨论。

In a spouted bed made of stainless steel with internal diameter 92 mm and height 1000 mm ,by adding five kind powder particle s through intermittent inlet samples, the powder elutriation with temperate air was studied by changing such parameters as bed temperature, bed height, bed particle diameter, spouting velocity, aerating velocity.

在一内径92mm，高1000mm的不锈钢充气喷动床反应器内，以三种不同直径的玻璃珠为惰性粒子，采用五种不同的粉末物料为微细粒子，以空气为充气和喷动气体对微细粒子进行淘洗，综合考察了设备结构，物性，以及操作方式等对充气喷动床内微细粒子的析出率的影响。

At the early iteratives, the mutation rate is bigger and the aim is to make particles to explore smaller and isolate region and to avoid the algorithm trapping to the local optimum. While the algorithm runs, the mutation rate will be decreased to reduce the disturbing to the particles. IPSO adopts a new method that congregates some neighboring individuals to form multiple sub-populations in order to lead particles to explore new search space. Additionally, our algorithm incorporates a mechanism with a simple and easy penalty function based on the largest distance between the particle and the boundary of the feasible region to handle constraint.

IPSO采用了一种新型的变异策略，变异概率随着算法的运行是动态变化的：在算法运行初期，变异概率大，其目的是使算法不但能够探测到目标空间中的孤立区域，而且避免搜索陷入局部极值；在算法运行后期，变异概率逐渐变小，以减少对粒子的扰动；算法通过将部分具有邻近距离的粒子聚集成核形成多子群引导种群中粒子的飞行；采用一个简单的基于粒子与可行域边界最远距离的罚函数处理约束的机制，使得算法高效实现。

Particle filter and posture of paper, which is the realization of particle filter, can achieve basic part...

粒子滤波器和姿态处理的论文，这是粒子滤波的实现，可以实现基本的粒子滤波的算法，也就是用MARLAB实验粒子滤波的程序。

This difference was indistinctive at a higher filler content. This is because there existed a critical content for naoscale filler, which determined the agglomeration or not of the nanoscale filler in the polymer matrix.

其原因在于纳米粒子的填充存在着临界含量问题，高于临界含量，部分纳米粒子将不可避免的发生团聚；低于临界含量，纳米粒子与聚合物颗粒能充分的共混，此时纳米粒子的尺寸效应才能充分表现出来。

The bonding energy of the mixed covalent/metallic Ti-Al bond for the Ti-terminated Al/TiB_2 interface is larger than that of the polar covalent Al-B bond with partial ionic-like feature for the B-terminated interface. Metallic bond between Al atoms forms across the Al/AlB_2 interface, which results in weaker interfacial adhesion than that for the Al/TiB_2 interface. The interfacial energy for Al/TiB_2 depends on the interfacial chemical potential.

Al熔体中仅存在TiB_2粒子，而无多余溶质Ti时，α-Al在TiB_2粒子上异质形核产生的Al/TiB_2界面能大于α-Al从Al熔体中直接形核时的液-固界面能，不满足TiB_2粒子充当α-Al有效异质形核核心的能量条件，这从理论上解释了Al熔体内仅存在TiB_2粒子时无晶粒细化效果的实验现象。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。