粒子

The scattering properties of particles with different shape parameters are simulated respectively in the modes of reflection and refraction. Both in the modes of reflection and refraction, the phase difference of non-spherical particle's PDA signal is the unbiased estimate of the corresponding phase difference of ideal spherical particle, and the standard deviation of angle roughness scale on particle surface impacts little on the distribution of phase difference.

本文通过物理光学的方法分析了非理想球形粒子的散射特性，利用物理光学中的稳相点理论，导出了非理想球形粒子散射光的相位表达形式，分析了非理想球形粒子的形状对PDA信号相位及相位差的影响，建立了非理想球形粒子的尺寸分布与PDA信号相位差分布之间的关系。

We used NCAR/NCEPT anew analyze data and the method of bilinearity insert to fix on profile distribution of several physical field in the air on observation point and the stream field of 700hPa. We primary discussed the possible mechanism to influence aerosol size distribution.The atmospheric condition of 1000hPa~700hPa level had great influence on aerosol size distribution, and influence on coarse particle mainly below 850hPa level. The horizontal wind velocity of 925hPa level is a primary gene which contributed to coarse particles in the air. Vorticity profile especially below 700hPa level is a key gene to influence diffuse and convergence of local aerosol. The air vertical motion velocity greatly influenced aggregation and remove of aerosol particles. The vertical distribution of air temperature mainly influenced vertical transportation of aerosol.

利用NCAR／NCEP逐日再分析资料，通过双线性插值方法，确定观测点上大气中几个物理量的廓线分布；及700hPa的流场，初步探讨了影响大气中气溶胶粒子谱分布的可能机制： 1000hPa～700hPa的大气状况对气溶胶粒子谱分布影响显著，对粗粒子气溶胶的影响显著的主要集中在850hPa以下；925hPa的水平风速是影响大气中粗粒子气溶胶的一个主要因子；涡度廓线(尤其是700hPa左右及以下的涡度廓线)是影响局地气溶胶的扩散的一个关键因子；大气的垂直运动速度对气溶胶的聚合及移出影响较大；大气温度的垂直分布主要影响气溶胶垂直输送。

A new particle swarm optimization, PSO with bounded mutation operator, was developed. In contrast to the original PSO, in this algorithm, PSO with bounded mutation operator would make the particles redistributed cquably close to boundary when place of particle exceeds feasible region during iteration.

提出了一种新的粒子群优化算法——带边界变异的PSO，其原理是：在迭代的过程中，当粒子的位置超出可行域时，带边界变异的PSO让粒子的位置重新均匀分布在边界附近；当粒子的速度超出可行域时，则使其均匀分布到整个可行区间，而不是像原始PS0那样在这2种情况下都只是简单地取边界值。

The structure and configuration did not devastated while the hematite hollow particles were deoxidizing to iron hollow particles at 500℃ in hydrogen.

壳层厚度太厚、过快和过慢的升温速率都不利于得到空心结构；500℃氢气气氛还原不改变空心粒子的形貌；空心粒子的粒径取决于聚合物模板粒子的大小，壳层厚度取决于包裹层厚度；空心铁粒子的饱和磁化强度高达到95.26 emu/g，具有较好的抗氧化能力，其磁能积可增大到1.46×103 J/m3，有利于以磁损耗为主要吸波机制的铁磁性空心粒子在吸波材料领域的应用。

The invention is characterized by the positive electrode material in which plural primary particles are flocculated and a secondary particle is formed, and the touch length of the primary particles is equivalent to 10 to 70% of the length of the whole periphery on the section of the touched primary particles.

该正极材料的特征在于：多个一次粒子凝聚而形成二次粒子，在该二次粒子的断面中，相对于上述一次粒子在上述断面中的全周的长度，上述一次粒子相互结合的长度为10-70％。

The 125Ⅰ seeds were direct implanted into 14 patients with brain glioma led by the apparatus of stereo orientation head unit.The number of seeds was 5～14.The activity of per seed was 0.3～0.4mCi.The peripheral radiation total dose was 60～90Gy.6 patients were superadded radiotherapy(the doses was 35～40) after the seeds implantation.

2002年10月～2004年10月，利用MICK200-TPV放射性粒子植入系统，对14例脑胶质瘤患者在脑立体定向仪引导下直接植入125I粒子，植入粒子5～14颗，每颗粒子活度0.3～0.4mCi，病灶周边剂量60～90Gy.6例植入粒子后补充外放疗35～40Gy。

Methods From Oct.2002 to Oct.2004,with the system of MICK 200-TPV radioactive seeds implantation.The 125Ⅰ seeds were direct implanted into 14 patients with brain glioma led by the apparatus of stereo orientation head unit.The number of seeds was 5～14.The activity of per seed was 0.3～0.4mCi.The peripheral radiation total dose was 60～90Gy.6 patients were superadded radiotherapy(the doses was 35～40) after the seeds implantation.

2002年10月～2004年10月，利用MICK200-TPV放射性粒子植入系统，对14例脑胶质瘤患者在脑立体定向仪引导下直接植入125I粒子，植入粒子5～14颗，每颗粒子活度0.3～0.4mCi，病灶周边剂量60～90Gy.6例植入粒子后补充外放疗35～40Gy。

Methods From Oct.2002to Oct2003,with the system of MICK200-TPV radiotive seeds implantation,The 125 I seeds were implanted into15patients with Pancreatic Carcinoma.The number of seed were18～45.The activity of per seed was0.45～0.7mCi.The peˉripheral radiation total dose was60～90Gy7patients were superadded radiotherapy（the doses was30-35Gy）.

自2002年10月～2003年10月，利用MICK200-TPV放射性粒子植入系统，对15例胰腺癌病人植入 125 I粒子，植入粒子18～45颗，每颗粒子活度0.45～0.7mCi，病灶周边剂量60～90Gy.5例植入粒子后补充外放疗30～35Gy。

Two new methods about preparation of nano-inorganic coated polymer microsphere have been found. The research mainly focused on controlled precipitation of inorganic precurdors onto the polymer microspheres, technique of preparation and size distribution of transition metal oxides and sulfides emulsion particles, nano-paticles''surface modification and the HLB values adjustment, emulsification of oil-soluble monomer in inorganic colloid and emulsion stability, emulsion polymerization that inorganic particles act as medi-phase, the preparation of inorganic nano-particle/polymer hybrid microspheres, preparation of hybrid materials in inverse emulsion, inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide and its phase behavior. Inorganic nano-particles we studied concerning TiO2、SiO2、Fe3O4、ZnO、ZnS、Ag and black carbon. Also we studied the morphology and capability of the hybrid materials.

主要内容有：无机物在高分子乳胶模板体系的界面定位沉积研究；过渡金属氧化物、硫化物纳米胶体粒子的制备工艺与胶粒尺寸分布研究；纳米粒子的表面修饰及其亲水亲油平衡值的调制；油溶性单体在无机胶体中的乳化行为与乳液稳定性研究；以无机纳米粒子做中介相的乳液聚合与无机纳米粒子/高分子复合微球制备研究；反相体系中杂化材料的制备；丙烯酰胺水溶液反相乳液聚合、相行为与稳定性；丙烯酰胺反相体系中无机粒子的制备研究；涉及到TiO2、SiO2、Fe3O4、ZnO、ZnS、Ag、碳黑等纳米无机物，系统考察了相关材料的形态与性能，为其应用开发奠定了基础。

If a particle/antiparticle pair comes in contact with each other, the two annihilate and produce a burst of energy, which may manifest itself in the form of other particles and antiparticles or electromagnetic radiation.

如果粒子/反粒子彼此相遇，那二个粒子湮灭并且产生能量爆发，可能以其它粒子形式和反粒子或电磁辐射显示它自身。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。