粒子

After the human is detected and extracted, we then track body parts of the human by using appearances of these parts as the features and using particle filters as the tracking kernel. In the particle filter, we adopt color histograms as the appearance features and use a specific histogram mapping to enhance the discriminability between different objects. To form a robust tracker that can distinguish target objects from background objects that have color distribution similar to those of target objects, we calculate the target similarity from both the target object model and the background model.

当人体被侦测及切割出来后，接著我们使用人体部位外观当作特徵并且使用粒子滤波器作为核心来追踪此人体，我们采等化之颜色统计表当作粒子滤波器中使用的外观特徵以强化不同物体的鉴别率，为了建立可稳健区别目标物及背景物体的追踪器，我们同时使用目标的模型和背景模型来计算目标物的相似度，为了对抗背景及目标物的外观变化，背景模型及目标物模型都是可适应变化的。

Also, the remaining reduced density, matrices ρ〓 can retain entanglement or disentanglement independently, which can be chosen freely according to our requirement, and the relative entanglement strength of any pair of particles can be arbitrarily adjusted.

我们的研究表明：在SLOCC下，虽然三粒子纠缠纯态可简单地分为两类，即GHZ类和W类，但同类的三粒子纠缠态不一定具有相同的纠缠特性，除了那些在LU下等价的态。

For this reason, the interaction between nanoparticles and matrix and the dispersion state of nanoparticles in matrix will be the most important factor for improving mechanical properties of nanocomposites.

正是这一特点导致纳米复合材料的性能主要受纳米粒子和树脂基体间界面相互作用的影响；同时纳米粒子在聚合物基体中的分散状态也是获得高性能纳米复合材料的关键因素。

In addition to studying the dispersion of particles in polymeric matrix,many works focused on the effect of fillers on the phase separation in polymer blends.

除了研究粒子在聚合物中的分散外，关于粒子对聚合物共混物的相分离影响也做了大量工作。

The gist of the mechanism is that the pH value in the surface layer of disperse phase particle is different from in the dispersion medium and the reason for this is that the surface layer of the particle shows a character of buffer solution.

首次提出在PUA水分散液这样的非均相体系中，分散相粒子表层与分散介质中pH值不同的观点，并认为这种差异是由于粒子表面层具有缓冲溶液的性质造成的。

Results show that hydrates dissociation in terms of pore surface is faster than that of particle by particle.

结果表明，水合物以孔隙表面形式分解的速度要快于以粒子－粒子形式分解的速度。

Because of keeping diversiform directions of movement for each particle,the new algorithm can easily find global best result.

实验数据有力地支持了改进后的粒子群算法和新的粒子运动状态编码方式。

In this paper, crossover operator and diversity control factor are introduced to keep the harmony between attraction and expand.

该文采用多样性控制与交叉操作，使粒子群在细化搜索与扩展新区之间进行协调，提出了协调粒子群优化算法HPSO。

The making process includes: setting insulating solid film on one horizontal rotating carrier with particle detecting unit and etching with single particle beam in the incident angle of 9.6-90 deg to penetrate the film, shifting the film relatively to the single particle beam and etching for the next time, and so on until the film is rotated by one turn to obtain truncated cone shaped, double turned truncated cone shaped or cylindrical single nanometer hole.

本发明将固体绝缘薄膜置于带有粒子检测装置的一个可水平旋转的载体上，用单粒子束刻蚀该薄膜，单粒子束入射角大于等于9.6°、小于等于90°，并且单粒子束在该薄膜底部、顶部、或二者之间与薄膜旋转轴交叉，待单粒子束完全穿透该薄膜后，固体绝缘薄膜底部的粒子监测器反馈使该薄膜被穿透处与单粒子束相对移动1荆再刻蚀，如此反复，直至固体绝缘薄膜旋转一周，获得圆台形、双倒圆台形或圆筒形的单纳米孔。

In this thesis, we solve this problem by combining the overall functions of potential interactions, which include the van der Waals attractive potential, repulsive electrical double layer potential, Born repulsive potential and magnetic interaction, as well as the hydrodynamic interaction, the gravity and the Brown diffusion, and therefore unveil the significant influence of the interparticle potential on the sedimentation of stable colloidal systems.

在本论文中，通过综合考虑胶体粒子间的势力相互作用——包括vander Waals分子引力势、双电荷层静电斥力势、Born排斥势和磁力势等，还有流体动力相互作用、重力相互作用、布朗热动力等诸多因素的影响，我们解决了这一难题，揭示了粒子间势给胶体系统的沉降行为带来的重大影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。