粒子

The surface morphology visualized by AFM as well as the regularity of the films studied by XRD was also reported.We found that the diazonium group can form H-bond with phenolic hydroxy and the multilayered film from DR and phenol-formaldehyde resin was first fabricated.

并且利用重氮树脂的光反应这一独特性质，发展了组装纳米粒子及羧基功能化纳米管的方法，这将会在制备胶体晶体(胶体粒子规整排列，具有似晶体的结构)和固定纳米管上有所应用。

From the fundamental theory of the teleportation, an arbitrary two-partite state can be teleported via a quantum channel of common eigenstates of number sum operator and phase difference operator.

本文从基本的隐形传态理论出发，用粒子数和算符以及相位差算符，并通过这两类算符的共同本征态作量子通道实现了任意两粒子态的隐形传态。

An experiment on near threshold double ionization of helium impacted with 106 eV electron has been performed by using the newest developed reaction microscope. In this experiment the momenta of all products after double ionization of helium were measured and the five fold differential cross section was obtained for emitted electrons.

利用最新发展起来的适用于低能电子入射的反应显微成像谱仪，对电子轰击He原子近阈值的双电离过程进行了研究，实验测量了反应后4个粒子的全部动量，获得了五重微分截面及出射粒子间的关联信息。

Basing on the view point of the α particle structure of the 12 c nucleus,the form factor and the transition form factor of the α particle in 12 c nucleus are as inputs,the inelastic scattering of pion-12c for 2+(4.43 mev) and 3-(9.64 mev) at tπ=150,180 mev are studied within glauber scattering theory.the calculated differential cross sections show better agreement with the experimental data.

从12c原子核的α粒子结构观点出发，应用12c原子核内α粒子的形状因子和跃迁形状因子，在glauber散射理论框架下，计算了共振区内能量为tπ=150，180 mev，π-12c的2+(4.43 mev)和3-(9.64 mev)非弹性散射微分截面。理论结果与实验较好8 t tt 8.c o m 地符合。

Monodispersive Au nanoparticles were synthesized via the redox reaction between diphenylamine sulfonate and HAuCU-The effect of the amount of sodium diphenylamine sulfonate and polyon the morphology and size of Au nanoparticls were examined.

利用四氯合金酸和二苯胺磺酸钠反应，制备了大小均匀的金纳米粒子。考察了还原剂二苯胺磺酸钠和保护剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的用量的变化对金纳米粒子形貌和大小的影响。

In this book the emphasis is on the role of the Dirac equation in the relativistic quantum mechanics of spin-1.2 particles. We cover the range from the description of a single free particle to the external field problem in quantum electrodynamics.

本书着眼于Dirac方程在1/2自旋粒子的相对论量子力学的作用，覆盖了从单个自由粒子的相对论量子力学到量子电动力学的外加场问题。

In the final rendering period, the color field, directional point splatting and color refining technologies were applied to obtain a smoothed image of fire from discrete locations of particles.

在粒子渲染过程中，采用了色度场、有向点扩散和颜色锐化技术，由离散的粒子空间分布得到了较为理想的连续火焰图像。

In this paper, no-wait flow shops scheduling problems for a mixed discrete particle swarm optimization, through the establishment of the location of the vector encoding and scheduling program of mapping relations between the continuous particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to discrete no-wait flow shops scheduling problem.

针对无等待流水线调度问题提出了一种混合离散化粒子群优化算法。通过建立位置矢量编码与调度方案之间的映射关系将连续的粒子群优化算法应用于离散的无等待流水线工件调度问题。

A novel particle presentation for the discrete optimization problem was proposed. Hybrid strategy of Genetic Algorithm was used to extend PSO to improve its performance.

利用遗传算法中的杂交策略扩展了粒子群优化算法，提高了粒子群优化算法性能。

This thesis proposed two methods of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm to optimal reactive power dispatch of transmission systems, respectively. The advantage of these methods is to achieve near optimal solution for discrete nonlinear optimization problem. So this thesis simulates the proposed method for IEEE 30-bus power system and a practical Taipower system.

本论文提出应用粒子群优法演算法和基因演算法，并使用电力潮流分析，调度输电系统中的无效功率，而粒子群优演算法和基因演算法，在求解非线性的离散解时，均能达到可能的最佳解，因此本文应用此两种方法对输电系统作最佳无效功率调度，并且使用IEEE 30-bus系统与实际台电系统作测试，比较此两种方法的调度结果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。