粒子

Firstly, the equation of charge rate of particles was established based on the distribution of the electric field and electron density in the pulse corona discharge process.

首先，在脉冲放电烟气除尘的研究中首次建立了脉冲放电粒子的荷电机理并对粒子的荷电量进行了计算。

The calculated results reveal that the turbulent mixing coefficient of particles increased by pulse corona discharge and 4 times that of D.

计算结果表明，脉冲放电加大了粒子的紊流掺混系数，是直流电晕的4倍左右，使粒子的静电收集效率降低。

Introduction of covariant derivative into particles field reflects the interaction of particles and field.

通过协变导数引进规范场，虽然体现了粒子与场的作用，但那是让粒子恢复"自由状态"的抵消作用。

The Sino-Italy collaborative DAMA experiment aims to search for WIMPsusing NaI crystal detector. It has the same ultimate goal with L3＋Cosmics.

中意合作的DAMA粒子暗物质实验是一项用NaI晶体直接寻找WIMP的实验，它与寻找重粒子的实验具有相同的终极目标。

The observational and calculated results are well matched. The calculated mean diameter, mean square-root diameter, mean cube -root diameter and liquid water content are all well matched with the observational results; In the paper two examples have been analyzed by using the seeding region data and the possible affecting region data in leeward region. It is found that F-100, 2dc, and 2dp's particle concentrations increase in leeward region, but rising extent is different, which is likely to be due to difference of seeding effect time.

拟合值和观测值吻合的较好，计算出的平均直径、均方根直径、均立方根直径和粒子浓度与观测值也比较吻合；本文对两组个例的催化影响区域及可能采集到相应值的下风方区域进行了分析，催化下风向影响区的F-100、2DC、2DP的粒子浓度比背景值都有所增加，但是增加的幅度不同，应该是催化响应时间的原因。

The dispersion of particles in cyanate ester was also observed with the aid of TEM. Moreover, the effect of the content of particles on the dielectric properties of cyanate ester composites was investigated.

利用透射电子显微镜，观察了粒子在氰酸酯基体中的分散情况，分析并讨论了添加粒子对氰酸酯复合材料介电性能的影响。

A numerical simulation by program computation was presented to study electron cyclotron resonance master of TE's mode,which was applied particle-in-cell method and a electromagnetic mode based on theoretical analysis.

采用等离子体粒子模拟的方法，在理论研究基础上应用电磁模型，编写了TE模式的电子回旋脉塞等离子体粒子模拟程序并进行了数值模拟。

The performance of traditional particle filter would be degenerate in alpha stable distribution noise.A new fractional lower order particle filter based on fractional lower order model was presented in this paper,and the detailed operation algorithm was proposed.

在alpha稳定分布噪声下，传统的基于二阶模型的粒子滤波器性能会出现退化，文章提出了一种基于分数低阶模型的分数低阶粒子滤波器，并给出了具体的运算公式。

Firstly, according to the difficulties in the optimization of chemical engineering and the intrinsic disadvantage of deterministic optimization algorithms, this work analyzed the importance and advantage of stochastic algorithms, and proposed some important aspects in research on them. Secondly, genetic algorithm was applied to two problems of data driven modeling, one of which was combination problem, the other was mixed integer nonlinear programming. Thirdly, systemic investigations were made on the basic structure, dynamic behavior and modifications of particle swarm optimization. Lastly, two kinds of proposed PSO algorithms were applied on calculation of phase equilibrium, which is nonconvex optimization.

本文首先根据化工优化中存在的困难和确定性优化算法内在的缺点，分析了随机优化算法的重要性，并提出研究随机优化算法应注意的问题；其次，将遗传算法应用于两个数据驱动建模问题，一为组合优化问题，一为混合整数优化问题；再次，从粒子群优化算法的基本结构、运动行为、改进方法做了系统的研究：最后，将提出的两种改进粒子群优化算法应用于相平衡计算问题，为非凸全局优化问题。

Medical cyclotrons accelerate heavy charged particles （proton, deuteron, etc.） to produce radiation isotopes used for clinical applications.

医用回旋加速器主要用以加速重荷电粒子，藉由高速粒子与靶材发生的核子反应，生产放射性同位素供医疗使用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。