粒子

When James Chadwick discovered a much more massive nuclear particle in 1932 and also named it a neutron, this left the two particles with the same name.

当詹姆斯查德威克在1932年发现了一个更大的核粒子，并把它取名为中子后，这就给两种粒子留下了相同的名称。

The results indicate that improving temperature to reflux, using low polarity solvent as dispersion medium and proper molar ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to stearic acid can bring out good modification. The function of tetrabutyl titanate is to react with the surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed H2O on the powder particles to produce new binding sites such as M—O—Ti—OC4H9and M—O—Ti—OH, which can easily react with the carboxylic acid. As temperature increases from room temperature to reflux temperature, the reactions between RCOO- and Ti change from coordinate bonds to covalent bonds, which makes the carbon chains of stearic acids more strongly bound with the powder particles surface.

研究结果表明，提高处理温度、适当增加复合改性剂中硬脂酸的量并选用极性弱的有机溶剂可达到比较理想的改性效果；钛酸四丁酯的作用是与粉体粒子表面的羟基以及吸附水反应产生偶联点，如M—O—Ti—OH，这些偶联点易于与羧酸反应；在低温时RCOO-与偶联点的Ti之间以配合物的形式发生作用，在回流温度下处理时，主要发生酯化反应，使硬脂酸更牢固地嫁接到粉体粒子表面，改性效果更好。

Because the number of characteristic particles is greatly less than the number of whole particles,the problem ...

因为特征粒子的数量较粒子总数大大减少，该方法能避免直接将Monte Carlo方法应用于多机器人定位中产生的维数灾的问题，可以在保证精度的情况下降低运算复杂度。

Electric current: Movement of electric charge carrier s.

电流：带电亚原子粒子、离子或空穴等荷电粒子的运动。

Regarding jargon: A charged particle is a particle that has charge.

关於术语：一个带电的粒子是一个带电荷的粒子。

The use of charged particle in an electromagnetic field equations of motion and solve the differential equations.

把电磁作用力作用到一个粒子上得出了Lorentz力公式，利用带电粒子在电磁场中的运动方程并解这个微分方程。

The variety of morphologies was described by the way of classification statistic. And the morphology which had the biggest percentage was regarded as the main morphology.

采用粒子形态分类统计的方法，描述其形态多样性，并以分率最大的形态作为该条件下粒子的主要形态。

In this dissertation, EISCAT radar observations and computer numerical simulation methods are involved to study the climatologic characteristics of polar ionosphere and their mechanisms, as well as the polar ionospheric responses to magnetospheric particle precipitation and convection electric field. Then, with the help of the numerical computation, the EISCAT data are employed to invert the energy spectra of auroral precipitating particles and their responses to magnetic storms and substorms.

本文联合利用EISCAT雷达数据和计算机数值模拟手段，以雷达探测数据为基础，数据分析和数值模拟、理论研究相结合，研究了极区电离层气候学特征与机制，磁层粒子沉降和对流电场对极区电离层的影响，并利用雷达数据反演极光沉降粒子能谱特征及其对磁暴和亚暴的响应。

Results show that the nanometer particles are in spherical shape, the size of particles is homogenized and controllable, no agglomeration. The particle size changes with the processing condition; the maximum particle size is in the range of 80~90 nm, and the minimum particle size is in the range of 25~30 nm. The ice performance test in indoor cloud chamber shows that the nanometer silver iodide particles as catalyst for artificial weather modification have great application prospect.

结果表明：纳米碘化银粒子成球形，粒径均匀可控，无明显团聚现象，不同工艺条件下获得的碘化银粒径不同，最大粒径范围在80~90 nm，最小粒径范围在25~30 nm，因为碘化银具有类冰结构，是最佳成冰物质，故纳米碘化银粒子作为人工影响天气催化剂具有极大的应用前景。

The micro movement of deposited cluster and the microstructure evolution of thin film have been studied in dimension of atom-cluster in this paper. There are some important applications to do deeply research on the migration, coacervation and nucleation of atom cluster, to optimize the deposition process, to enhance the characteristics of thin film.

在原子尺度上揭示膜层形成初期粒子的微观变化过程及膜层微观结构的演化规律，对深入了解表面粒子的迁移、吸附和成核，对改进和优化薄膜生长工艺、提高薄膜质量、改善薄膜性质具有重要意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。