粒子

At first, surface enhanced infrared spectra of the azobenzene LB monolayer on silver film of different thickness is studied.

首次发现处于银岛之间的COOH基团经历着比处于银岛之上的COO〓大得多的吸收增强，为了进一步证明该结论，我们通过真空蒸镀、快速热退火等技术构筑了不同粒子大小和粒子分布的增强基底、原子力显微镜的研究结果表明，随着退火温度的提高银颗粒在逐渐增大，相应地银颗粒间的距离也在增加。

By the use of a dielectric polarization theory this paper analyzes the field charging states of a ball-shaped and a cuboid shaped particulate placed in an electrical precipitator field.

用电介质极化理论对置于电除尘器电场中的球形粒子、长方体粒子的场荷电情况进行了分析，然后分别导出各自条件下的场荷电方程。

Furthermore, the general formula is illustrated as the weighted summation of historical position states, so as to prove that in terms of cumulative iterations, parameters of PSO have an inherent forgetting characteristic in probability, moreover the searching mechanisms of canonical PSO and Barebones particle swarm are almost the same.

通过将粒子运动的一般性描述图解为历史状态加权和的形式，进一步证明了PSO参数随迭代周期的积累，在概率意义上的遗忘特性。分析表明在经过一定周期的搜索后，标准PSO方法同Barebones粒子群方法(Barebones particle swarm， BBPS)具有近似的搜索机制。

Particles with larger masses will be affected the same as those with smaller masses.

质量更大的粒子和更小的粒子具有相同的效果。

Particles with larger masses will not be affected as greatly as those with smaller masses.

质量大的粒子受到的影响不如更小的粒子。

Straight forward approximation has been used for the transport calculations of forward particles in the bipartition model of charged particle transport.

在粒子输运双群模型中，引入直向前近似，计算了双群模型中的直向前粒子输运。

The scattering efficiency and phase matrix elements of black carbon and dust aerosols at 400nm and 860nm wavelength were calculated when their radius were 1μm,2.5μm and 10μm.

结果表明：黑炭与沙尘有明显的光学性质差别，沙尘粒子不仅散射效率大于黑碳，而且后向散射比黑碳粒子强。

We employ the semi-classical Boltzmann\'s equation to govern the transport process of carriers and do the calculations on the emission rate and the capture rate.

对于发射率和俘获率的计算，主要考虑在粒子数守恒下，采用半经典的玻尔兹曼输运方程描述粒子输运的过程。

On the basis of equal probability principle, Boltzmann statistics and ensemble statistics, this paper has derived the statistical distribution function on multimember system in the quasi-independent particles and obtained the equivalence between Boltzmann statistics and ensemble statistics for multimember system.

文摘：利用平衡态统计物理的等概率原理，玻耳兹曼统计法和系综统计法，导出在平衡状态下多种近独立粒子系统的粒子数分布。结果表明，对于宏观系统而言，玻耳兹曼统计和系综统计是等价的。

The Born approximation assumes that the incident and the outgoing particle can be described by plane waves.

玻恩近似假定入射粒子和发射粒子都可以用平面波来描述。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。