粒子

The vapor content in the air had a complex influence on aerosol size distribution. The increasing of vapor content in some degree will mainly the effective radius of aerosol particle. But the overlarge vapor content may lead to remove of coarse particles in aerosol.

大气中的水汽含量对气溶胶粒子谱分布的影响较为复杂，当水汽含量在一定范围内增加时，将会增加气溶胶粒子的有效半径，但当水汽含量过大，却又易造成大粒子气溶胶的移出。

To improve the photoemissive sensitivity of nanoparticle composite photoemissive thin film and to fill the blank of rare earth application research in the field of photoemissive material, the rare earth elements are introduced into nanoparticle composite photoemissive thin film in the first time.

本文以纳米粒子复合光电发射薄膜需要进一步提高光电灵敏度为出发点，以稀土元素独特的性质及其应用研究在光电发射材料方面的空白点为切入点，首次将稀土元素引入到纳米粒子复合光电发射薄膜中，对现有的纳米粒子复合光电薄膜的光电发射性能进行改善和提高。

The results showed that 7-day-precultured embryogenic calli had the best responses for bombardment among 2-7 day' preculture duration. Enhanced transformation efficiency was found in the explants treated with high osmotic medium 4h prior to till 24 h after bombardment. Particles of gold and tungsten were both found suitable for rice transformation and there was no adverse effect when tungsten particles were reduced to 1/3 standard amount for DNA precipitation on transient GUS gene expression. However, it was found that gold particle had higher GUS expression at 120 h post-bombardment. A preliminary microprojectile transformation system with an average of 15-20 blue spots/explant GUS expression was routinely obtained for 'Tainung 67' by using the particle gun with 1,100 psi rupture disk, 6 or 9 cm microcarrier flight distance and 4 mm of macrocarrier flight distance setting.

初步结果显示，以预培养2~7日之胚性癒合组织逐日测试转殖率，以预培养7日之培植体表现最佳；培植体於转殖前4小时至转殖后24小时以高渗透压培养基处理，有助於转殖效率之提高；比较金、钨粒子对转殖率在转殖后48h並无不同，但转殖后120 h取样，则金粒子组有较高之蓝点数；钨粒子用量可减少至1/3標准用量对转殖率並无影响；利用基因鎗在使用1， 100 psi裂碟片、大载片至挡片之距离为4 mm、微载髁至射击目標之飞行距离6或9 cm之设定，GUS基因表现之平均蓝点数均可达15~20个／培植体。

From this point of view, we investigate the effect of the curvature energy and the compressibility energy on the emission of the prescission particle. The effect, acting together with the other one that the lower emission barrier facilitates the particle emission, leads to a different way to emit proton and α particle.

从这个角度，笔者研究了引入曲率能和压缩能影响断前粒子发射的效应，与发射位垒降低增强断前粒子发射的效应相作用，使断前质子和断前α粒子在基态到鞍点间出现了不同的发射规律。

Introduction;How do we identify presolar grains?

粒子研究介绍；粒子的界定；粒子研究的意义；相关研究的链接

The calculation results shows that ,(1) when the rotor rotates at the working speed, a local regurgitant whirlpool that is rightabout to the rotor"s rotating direction appears in the classifying region, which makes the separated granules come back to the outside of the classification district and influences the classification efficiency of the turbine classifier;(2) in the condition of a low rotating speed of turbo rotor, ultrafine particles can follow the gas phase by and large, but when the rotating speed increases, a phenomenon of velocity slippage between two phases appears evidently;(3) A operating parameter, air flow rate is so important that can directly influence the stability of flow field in classifying chamber, the bigger the air flowrate is , the steadier the flow field is;(4) Compared with straight blades, the new shape of blades with backward crooked elbow are helpful to improve the stability of flow field and form whole stream easily, also beneficial to advance the classification accuracy and classification efficiency;(5) The motion trace of particles are very complicated when the turbo rotor rotates at a high speed, the constant bounce of the particles appear between the blades and the coarse particles are even bounce back from the inlet, only the finer can pass through the classification area from the oulet;(6) Along with the increase of the rotor"s rotating speed, radiah axial and tangential velocity all begain to fluctuate repetitively like sine-wave, the smaller the particles are, the more violently they fluctuates.

数值模拟结果表明，(1)在涡轮达到工作转速时，在分级区域形成了一个与涡轮旋转方向相反的局部回流涡，它使得分离出来的细粒重又被带回分级轮外边缘，从而严重影响分级机的分级效率；(2)粉尘粒子在涡轮低速运动情况下，基本上能跟随气体运动，但随着转速加大，两相之间出现了明显的速度滑移现象；(3)分级机工作时的风量也是一个比较重要的操作参数，它可以直接影响到分级机内腔流场的稳定性，风量越大，流场越稳定；(4)同直叶片形状相比较，带后弯导板的叶片，有利于改善流场的稳定性，流场容易形成整体流，对提高分级效率和分级精度都非常有利；(5)粒子轨迹线在涡轮转速较高时十分复杂，有的出现了反复的弹跳现象，大颗粒不能通过分级区域而从进口返流了，只有细小的颗粒才从出口处流出；(6)涡轮转速加大时，粒子的径向、轴向和切向速率出现了明显的类似于正弦波的脉动现象，颗粒越小，脉动程度越为剧烈。

Second, we used reprecipitation methods to synthesize various aqueous organic nanoparticles such as perylene, fluorescein and some polyaromatic compounds, and then characterized their morphology by TEM and SEM. Also, we further investigated their photophysical properties and tried giving some reasonable explanations.

第二部份，先以再沈淀法制备一系列的水溶性有机奈米粒子，再利用穿隧式以及扫瞄式电子显微镜，探讨所合成奈米粒子之构造，并尝试了解目标物之光谱性质，以及该粒子在固态晶体和溶液态下性质之差异性。

In terms of the data of stratiform could microphysical structure from airborne particle measurement system in 1997 in Liaoning province,the characteristics of cloud droplet spectrum,particle number concentration,temperature and water content of particle in the horizontal level were discussed.

根据1997年在辽宁利用机载粒子测量系统获取的探测资料，探讨了层状云中云滴谱、粒子数浓度在水平方向上的分布变化，并分析了温度、粒子含水量在水平方向上的变化特征。

A water-soluble gold nanoparticle was prepared with trisodium citrate by reduction method, and using cystine as a self-assembled molecule, three dimensional net structure of gold nanoparticle with cystine was obtained.

用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备了水溶性金纳米粒子，粒子的平均粒径为4.5 nm，它与胱氨酸作用后，胱氨酸利用双硫键在其表面成功地进行了自组装，获得了金纳米粒子-胱氨酸的三维网状结构。

To improve unlubricated sliding wear properties of Epoxy, nano-SiC particles were incorporated as fillers to fabricate composites. Effects of surface modification via graft polymerization, content of the nanoparticles and wear conditions were studied.

以提高环氧树脂的摩擦磨损性能为目的，研究了纳米碳化硅粒子填充环氧树脂复合材料的滑动干摩擦磨损特性，着重探讨纳米粒子表面接枝改性、纳米粒子含量、摩擦条件等对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。