粒子

TOF detector of plastic scintillator with photomultiplier tube is the traditional TOF measurement method, and is still widely used.

TOF探测器的作用是通过测量粒子的飞行时间，得到粒子的本征质量，从而实现粒子种类鉴别。

Now, most of us think that, in addition to these septillion or so particles arranged in statue form, there also exists a septillion-and-first entity, namely the statue itself, which is composed of the septillion particles.

现在，我们大多认为，随着这些巨量的粒子排列成雕像的形状，也存在了一个由巨量粒子组成的可以称为"复合东西『是巨量粒子的，但作为这个东西是第一次的』"的"雕像"本身。

We developed a 2D3V (two dimensional in space and three dimensional in velocity) particle-in-cell code APIC2D.

该程序的主要特点是对粒子模拟中的一些算法进行了优化，主要工作包括： 1、将等离子体粒子模拟中得到广泛应用的Borris旋转推动粒子方法进行了改进。

Then, the Tyramine 4-(2-Aminoethylphenol-modified CdSe NPs that have positive charged amino groups on the particle surface are assembled onto Au NPs.

将黏有TMSPED的矽晶片浸泡在含有金奈米粒子的水溶液中，TMSPED的正电会吸引金奈米粒子表面的正电，进而将金奈米粒子黏在晶片上。

The TiO2particles are anatase crystal form with 10-20 nm in diameter, and the SiO2 particlesare uncrystallized. The TiO2 nanoparticles have good photocatalysis degradationproperties, and the kinetics is the first-order to methylene blue.

二氧化钛粒子为锐钛矿晶型，直径10-20nm，但二氧化硅粒子不呈晶态；制备的二氧化钛纳米粒子具有很好的光催化活性，对亚甲基蓝光催化降解符合一级反应动力学方程规律。

This thesis firstly discusses techniques that are used in physicdesign of medium-high energy particle detect variedly.

因为中高能量段的粒子与很多物理机制和现象紧密相连，因此对该能段粒子的测量是人类粒子探测相对集中的区域。

In this paper,the basic feature of particle system is analysed,the property model of coal stream particle is established according to its characteristics and moving mode,and the coal stream movement is simulated with particle system,which plays an important role in assuring the fidelity and integratity of 3D virtual coal washery scene.

本文分析了粒子系统的基本特征，根据选煤厂中煤流系统的特点和运动形式，建立了煤流粒子的属性模型，用粒子系统实现了煤流运动的模拟，对保证选煤厂三维虚拟场景的逼真度和完整性具有重要意义。

The effect of the interaction between particles is described using Morse potential. We consider particle deposition, adatom diffusion and adatom evaporation.

模型中引入Morse势描述粒子间的相互作用，考虑粒子的沉积、吸附粒子的扩散和蒸发三个过程。

The results show that as for the as-cast castings, eutectic Si particles are characterized as fibrous or long acicular shape as well as in homogenous distribution, and the impact absorbed energy varies from 1.17 to 2.35J. After T6 heat treatment, the eutectic Si particles become small granular or short bacilliform, and the aspect ratio and area fraction of Si particles decrease evidently. The energy of the T6-treated castings is 1.45-3.80 J, which is higher than that of the as-cast castings. Furthermore, the fracture mechanisms of different regions in the castings were analyzed and discussed.

结果表明：铸态下共晶Si粒子大多为纤维状或长针状，呈不均匀的网状分布，冲击吸收功在1.17~2.35J的范围内变化后；经T6热处理后，团簇状Al-Si共品相明显减少，共晶Si粒子呈现出粒状或短棒状，且细小均匀，Si粒子的长宽比和面积分数都有显著降低，冲击吸收功在1.45~3.80J的范围内变化，比铸态有明显提高。

After T6 heat treatment, the eutectic Si particles become small granular or short bacilliform, and the aspect ratio and area fraction of Si particles decrease evidently. The energy of the T6-treated castings is 1.453.80 J, which is higher than that of the as-cast castings. Furthermore, the fracture mechanisms of different regions in the castings were analyzed and discussed.

结果表明：铸态下共晶Si粒子大多为纤维状或长针状，呈不均匀的网状分布，冲击吸收功在1.17~2.35 J的范围内变化后；经T6热处理后，团簇状Al-Si共晶相明显减少，共晶Si粒子呈现出粒状或短棒状，且细小均匀，Si粒子的长宽比和面积分数都有显著降低，冲击吸收功在1.45~3.80 J的范围内变化，比铸态有明显提高。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。