粒子

When the particle is born, the value of the parameter that corresponds to the curve at the start frame of the simulation is used.

当粒子出生时，初始值和曲线相吻合，这个过程从起始帧开始，然后粒子值和粒子寿命时间的比值依据曲线的走向变化演变。

This paper introduces the principle of particle system. The fountain movement in the true life was analyzed by physics dynamics. A fountain particle system has been developed based on VC++ and OpenGL.

阐述了粒子系统方法的基本原理，基于粒子系统方法，运用物体动力学分析了现实中喷泉的运动，设计并实现了一个基于VC++和OpenGL的喷泉粒子系统。

The relationship between physico-chemical properties of nano-CaCO〓 and surface treating technology was studied. The results showed the coating model of micron CaCO〓 was not suitable to nano-CaCO〓. The influence of dosage of treatment agent on nano-CaCO〓 dispersion degree in matrix was studied, the results indicated it only need to passivate some active zone on nano-CaCO〓 surface.

研究结果表明，微米粒子的表面包覆活化理论不适宜用来指导纳米粒子的表面处理，在对纳米碳酸钙进行表面处理时，不需要在纳米碳酸钙表面形成完整的包覆层，只需对纳米粒子表面的部分活性点进行钝化即可，即纳米碳酸钙表面有限钝化。

The result shows that when the emulsifying agent layer not perfectly covering the primary particles' surface or the primary particles' surface being covered with overmuch powder grain, it will lead to the higher plastisol viscosity.

结果表明初级粒子表面的乳化剂层包覆不严或表层粉粒太多，均会导致增塑糊粘度偏高；次级粒子聚结松散，结构脆弱，有较低的糊粘度和触变性；次级粒子聚结紧密，有熔结现象，增塑糊粘度偏高。

The whole position vector of particle is split into a certain number of subvectors, and the particle is updated based on these subvectors.

与传统的PSO算法不同，该算法采用了一个粒子在解空间中搜索，粒子的位置矢量被分成一定数量的子矢量，并基于子矢量对粒子进行更新。

It adopts the voltage stability of distribution system as the object function, and uses the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm which can trace dynamically the environment's change to make the real-time dynamically reconfiguration of distribution system, and proposes a new coded form which divides the particle module according to the topological structure of distribution system, and then avoids the convergence precociously via the community characters of DPSO.

它以配电网络电压稳定为目标函数，采用可以动态跟踪环境变化的改进粒子群算法对现有典型的辐射状网络进行动态实时重构，并提出了一种新的编码形式，按照系统的拓扑结构划分粒子种类，从而利用改进粒子群算法的社区特性避免过早收敛。

By the means of experiments and numerical simulations, it is verified that speckles can be formed when nanofluids are illuminated by laser beam. First, clear speckles are formed by illuminating static nanofluids containing proper volume fraction of nanoparticles. Then, classic-scattering-model and photon-nanoparticle-collision-model are respectively established based on the wave-particle duality of light. The formation of speckles with nanofluids is simulated respectively on these two models, and the formation mechanism of speckles is figured out.

其中通过静态实验确定激光照射含有合适体积百分比纳米粒子的纳米流体可以形成清晰的散斑图；基于光的波粒二象性，分别根据光的波动性和粒子性建立了"经典散射模型"和"光子——粒子随机碰撞模型"，基于这两个模型分别对激光照射纳米流体形成散斑的过程进行了数值模拟，并对散斑的形成机理进行了解释。

Carbon black particles had propensity to redeposit on the fiber surface or inside the fibers and those redeposited ink particles were very difficult to be dislodged. The redeposition of carbon black particles whose size ranged between 0.5μm and 3μm was the main reason for brightness loss.

水性油墨粒子易于沉积在纤维表面或细胞腔内，而且一旦油墨粒子沉积于细胞腔内便很难被去除，直径在0.5～3μm之间的水性油墨粒子再沉积于纤维表面或内部是导致白度降低的主要原因。

After a certain pulping time, lumen loading of the smaller ink particles would occur, forming irreversible ink redeposition.

经过一定的碎解时间，油墨粒子被碎化，细小的油墨粒子很容易进入纤维细胞腔内，形成不可逆再沉积的油墨粒子。

Therefore, we proposed that the nanowires fabricated through our approach grow mainly by an Ostwald ripening mechanism, namely the dissolution of fine particles and their redeposition on larger particles, and then forming nanowires along one direction.

由此，我们提出Mn〓O〓纳米线主要按Ostwald成熟机制生长，即小粒子溶于并分散在熔剂盐中，然后小粒子重新沉积在大粒子上，在熔盐环境中沿一定的方向堆积而生长成纳米线。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。