粒子

Energetic particle deposition is one kind of thin film synthesis technique based on energetic beam, such as, IBAD, PLD, IBD etc, which is considered to be of good prospect for wide range of applications. However, comprehensive and systematic understanding has been hardly achieved about the growth mechanism of energetic deposition, especially low energetic deposition.

载能粒子沉积是以离子束技术和常规薄膜制备技术为基础而发展起来的一类具有广泛应用前景的薄膜制备方法，但受研究手段的限制，人们对载能粒子特别是低能粒子沉积的薄膜生长机制一直缺乏比较全面、系统的了解。

The interaction between concentrated CMC-Na solution and CB[6]could not induce the formation of gel bead.In concentrated CMC-Na solution,floccule was separated out from CMC-Na/CB[6]system and visible with naked eyes after placement.(4) CB[6]can complex with butyl ammonium hydrochloride to form stable pseudorotaxane(CB[6]/BA).

在CMC-Na/CB[6]配合体系中，CMC-Na与CB[6]聚集的纳米粒子形成较慢，需要经过放置才可以形成一些不太规整的球形纳米粒子；CMC-Na的浓溶液与CB[6]相互作用后，CB[6]对CMC-Na分子链的架桥作用要弱一些，在我们的实验条件下也没有象海藻酸钠浓溶液那样，形成球形凝胶粒子，将CMC-Na/CB[6]浓溶液配合体系在室温放置后，体系会出现许多絮状结构的聚集体。

Velocity is a measurement of speed and has nothing to do with mass; however, force is a vector that is applied to the particle to change the particle velocity, and when it is applied, mass is taken into consideration (acceleration = force / mass).

速度是速率的衡量标准，它和物体的质量无关；然而力是施加在粒子上并改变粒子速度的一个矢量，当它施加在粒子上时，质量就成为要考虑的因素

2Particle numeral density distributing law of the system not only bear on and average speed and seat gravitational potential energy of system,but also bear on grads of temperature and speed about distance of system,at one time,it bears on whole spore speed of system.

本文详细的分析了地球大气系统粒子的数密度的分布规律，从中发现：(1)该系统的平衡条件有别于一般热力学系统的平衡条件；(2)该系统粒子数密度分布规律不仅与系统粒子的平均速度和所在处的重力势能有关，而且还与系统的温度和速度的距离梯度有关，也与系统的整体运动速度有关。

Using DC and AC poling methods, three groups of polarized PZT/P 70/30composites have been prepared by poling only the ceramic phase(1), both ceramic and polymerphases in the same(2) and opposite(3) directions. Piezoelectric coefficients of group 1 compositesincrease as the PZT content increasing, while for group 2 composites, the piezoelectric coefficientschange the sign with increasing PZT content because piezoelectricity of copolymer is increasinglycompensated by that of PZT, and PZT content for zero-〓 isn't that for zero-〓. The experimentdata of both group 1 and 2 composites agree well with EMT-Shin model.

对复合材料的压电性能：只极化PZT粒子相的复合材料的压电系数随陶瓷分数的增大而增大，PZT粒子相与共聚物基体同向极化的复合材料的压电系数由于两相效应的部分抵消，随陶瓷含量的增大，发生符号的改变，且〓和〓零点不重合，它们与EMT-Shin模型都符合较好；而两相反向极化的复合材料的压电系数由于AC反向极化会导致陶瓷相极化程度的下降，导致实验值和理论预期偏差较大，尤其在PZT粒子高含量区。

Based on the existed approaches of hydrometeor classification and the requirement of application in China,we construct a algorithm to classify the precipitation particles with the polarimetric radar observations,and make a comparison of polarimetric radar variables sensitivity Z_DR,K_DPand ρ_HV(0) in this model.

在综合分析国内外降水粒子相态识别方法的基础上，结合我国双线偏振雷达的应用需求，建立了一套利用双线偏振雷达探测资料识别降水粒子类型的识别模式，并根据美国KOUN雷达观测资料对该模式进行了分析验证，同时检验了模式中的几个偏振参数：差分反射率因子ZDR、差传播相移KDP、水平偏振和垂直偏振回波功率零滞后互相关系数ρHV(0)对不同降水粒子的识别效果。

Based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics model, we first establish a new pressure equation of state instead of traditional ideal gas equation of state.

基于平滑粒子流体动力学模型，首先提出一种压力状态方程以取代传统的理想气体状态方程，从而在保证系统稳定性的同时，最大程度地保证液体的体积守恒；为了实现对水面浪花飞溅和泡沫的模拟，提出自适应的表面张力模型，通过制定3类流体粒子状态的转化规则，实现了飞溅粒子和主水体之间的无缝连接；并采用GPU图形硬件加速技术大大地提高了整个过程计算效率。

Because of the optimization of the particle set,the impoverishment of particle is overcomed effectively.

通过对粒子集的优化，有效地克服粒子贫乏问题，并且减少所使用的粒子数以及计算的时间复杂度。

Based on the simulation of natural death process of 5% B-cell in biology clone selection, this paper proposes 8 kinds of updating algorithms according to intergeneration differential, theory of chaos, principle of mutation respectively, and selects the updated particles in terms of simulated annealing method.

因此模拟生物克隆选择中5%的B细胞自然消亡过程，在粒子群优化算法进化过程中分别基于代间差分、混沌理论、变异原理等方法设计了8种粒子更新算法，并按照模拟退火方法进行更新后粒子的选择。

From K-G Equation and Dirac equation,using 2-D invariant line element, the radius equation and event horizon formula of particles are obtained.A simpler method to the research of quantum effect of the scalar and vector particles in black hole with spherical symmetry is singgested.

分别从K-G方程和Dirac方程入手，利用简化后的二维不变线元，直接给出了粒子的径向方程和视界面方程公式，为研究球对称黑洞中标量粒子和矢量粒子的量子效应提供了一个更简单的方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。