粒

The main research work of this paper are focused on following areas:(1) Based on review of the theory and methods on measurements of particle fields, a new idea for obtaining particle size and velocity distribution within a spray through imaging the particle field with a laser light sheet was put forward;(2) A DPIV (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry) system, is fit for velocity measurements of low speed flows, was developed and expended to particle size distribution measurement;(3) An arithmetic for particle velocity field reconstruction was developed, and the velocity distribution of water mist was also obtained;(4) A software system for particle analysis, which based on image geometry emend, de-noise and image partition was developed, the parameters such as particle size distribution, mean diameter, number of particles, minimum and maximum diameter can be got with this system;(5) A water mist system was developed and its characteristics, such as droplet velocity, size distribution, number of droplets and spray cone angle under different conditions were obtained from experiments with PIVS;(6) The measurement results of water mist characteristics with PIVS were compared and analyzed with the simply simulated results, and in addition, in order to verify the accuracy of PIVS, some experiments were conducted with the standard particles, such as glass-ball with known mean diameter of 50μm and 115μm, metallic coated tracing particle with mean diameter of 12μm;(7) Some experimental studies on interaction of water mist with liquid pool fires were conducted.

本论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：（1）在对粒子场测量的相关理论和具体方法进行综述分析的基础上，提出了通过采用激光片光对粒子场进行成像以获取其粒径和速度等参数分布的新思路；（2）研制了适宜于低速流动速度场测量的DPIV(Digital Particle Image Velocimetry)系统，并使其实现了对粒子场粒径分布的测量功能；（3）研制了基于粒子运动轨迹的速度场重建算法，获取了细水雾雾场的速度分布；（4）研制了基于几何校正、去噪、图象分割等图象处理方法的"粒度分析软件系统"，该系统既可分析给出粒子场的粒径分布直方图和平均粒径，还可给出粒子的数目以及最大、最小粒径等信息；（5）建立了一细水雾发生系统，并应用上述方法对不同压力条件下细水雾系统的雾场特性（如速度分布、雾滴粒径分布、雾滴的数目、喷雾张角以及雾化长度等）进行了实验测量研究；（6）对细水雾特性参数的PIVS测量结果与计算机简单模拟计算结果进行了定性比较分析，并利用平均粒径为50μm和115μm的玻璃球以及12μm的标准示踪粒子对PIVS系统的粒径和速度测量结果进行了实验验证，同时对其局限性进行了分析讨论；（7）对不同工况条件下细水雾与油池火相互作用的过程进行了模拟实验研究。

Due to difficulty of evaluation of micro grit protrusion topography after dressing of diamond grinding wheel, valid grit protrusion height, mean grit edge angle and grit protrusion homomorphy were proposed as characteristic parameters to evaluate iso-height behavior of grit protrusion, cutting behavior of grit edges and crystal integrity of diamond grit protrusion.

针对金刚石砂轮修锐后磨粒微观出刃形貌的很难评价的问题，建立有效磨粒出刃高度、平均磨粒出刃角和磨粒出刃同形度的特征参数模式，分别评价砂轮工作表面的磨粒出刃等高性、磨粒切削性能和磨粒出刃结晶完整性。

Wear degree decreases, and the wear particle distribution curves become protrusive and precipitous gradually in the initial stage.

通过分析铜合金销与碳钢盘在干摩擦条件下相互对磨所产生的磨粒群和销试样磨损量，发现磨粒的累积分布和微分分布特性随磨损时间的变化而变化：在磨损开始阶段，磨损程度逐渐减小，磨粒群分布曲线由平缓变得逐渐凸、陡；达到磨损平衡状态后，磨损率达到最小，磨粒群微分布曲线的幅值达到最大，横向宽度达到最小；随着销与盘间互适性变弱，磨损程度增大，磨粒分布曲线变得越来越平缓，横向宽度逐渐增大；磨粒分布曲线随磨损时间的变化规律与磨损率随磨损时间的变化规律有明显的对应关系，可为科学诊断和预测摩擦学系统状态提供有用信息。

The experiments show that the PS and PSD of particles produced by SAA process can be controlled by adjusting process parameters, and among them, the pressure of the saturator used has the most effect on the PS and PSD, while the temperature of the saturator has the least effect. When using ethanol as solvent, the optimum operating conditions of using SAA process to produce erythromycin micro-particles from erythromycin-ethanol-CO2 system were found as follows. The pressure and temperature of the saturator are 10.5MPa and 70℃, respectively, the inlet flow rate and the concentration of inlet solution of the precipitator are 9 mLmin^(-1) and 15mgmL^(-1), respectively.

实验结果表明：选用乙醇做溶剂可制备出粒径在1~3μm的红霉素超细微粒，大部分微粒形态呈完整的球形；各影响因素对微粒粒径及粒径分布均有不同程度的影响，其中混合器压力对微粒粒径及粒径分布的影响最明显，混合器温度的影响最小，微粒粒径及粒径分布可通过改变操作参数进行控制；在本研究范围内，最优操作条件为混合器压力10.5MPa，混合器温度70℃，溶液浓度15mgmin^(1)，进液速度9mLmin^(1)。

Every treatment combination has 4 replications.(1)The germination indexes of the former are higher than that of the latter; the germination of the former is stimulated by NaCl density of 0.3 %, while that of the later is restrained by all kinds of NaCl density.(2)With increasing of temperature and PEG indesity,the order of germination rate and vigor of Bromus stamineus and Bromus inermis is decreaced.(3)Under treatment of broadcast sowing and plant density of 549kermels·m~(-2), Bromus stamineus has the highest bud rate, fresh weight, seed yield, while treated with 25cm row spacing and 412kermels·m~(-2) plant densities, tillers, plant height, growth rate increased to the top;(4) Under treatment of broadcast sowing and plant density of 549kermels·m~(-2), its growth rate is took second place, while treated with 15cm row spacing and 824kermels·m~(-2) plant densities, it has the highest seed yield

3撒播时，引进种在播种密度为549粒·m~(-2)处理下单位面积出苗率最高，分蘖数最多，鲜重最大，单株最高，种子产量最大；生长速度在播种密度为412粒·m~(-2)处理下生长最快，密度为549粒·m~(-2)处理下稍次之，结合方差分析可以初步确定它在撒播时的播种密度为549粒·m~(-2)；(4)条播时，在行距为25cm、播种密度为412粒·m~(-2)处理下单位面积分蘖数最多，鲜重最大，单株最高，生长速度最快；种子产量在行距为15cm、播种密度为824粒·m~(-2)处理下最大，在行距为25cm、密度412粒·m~(-2)处理下次之；结合方差分析，就3种规格的行距来说，引进美国无芒雀麦条播时的行距为25cm，播种密度为412粒·m~(-2)；就这两种播种方式来说，应该选择撒播。

The result showed that, rutile TiO2 was well consistent with carrier resin, so the prepared masterbatch had glabrous of surface, and application was better than acute TiO2; the masterbatch was prepared by using polymerization PE wax, whose application is better than masterbatch prepared by using other PE wax, such as hiding power of the film, whiteness of the templet; dispersion of TiO2 was uniformity, and application was improved, in particular hiding power and tinctorial power by adding PPA and nanocalcium carbonate in masterbatch.

结果表明，浓PE白色母粒的加工制备，样品中金红石型钛白粉与载体树脂相容性较好，载体树脂仍能形成连续相，制备出表面光洁的色母粒，且应用性能较优于锐钛型钛白粉；聚合型聚乙烯蜡制备的浓白色母粒，薄膜透过率较低，光密值较大，母粒的遮盖力强，注塑样板的白度高，母粒的着色力强，应用性能优于其它聚乙烯蜡；浓白色母粒中加入PPA和纳米碳酸钙，使钛白粉粒子的分散均匀，提高了母粒的着色力、遮盖力等应用性能。

HTERT is expressed in cancer cell lines despite promoter DNA methylation by preservation of unmethylated DNA and active chromatin around the transcription start site.

人端粒酶逆转录酶是一种核糖核蛋白酶，由端粒RNA和端粒酶蛋白组成的一种特殊逆转录酶，在激活端粒酶的过程中起限速作用，能以自身RNA为模板合成端粒序列以稳定端粒长度使细胞获得永生，也是人类端粒酶的活性中心，其表达是端粒酶活化的必须前题［2～4］。

By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3.1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus, which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELlSA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P 12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3.1/lFN which includes the gene IFN-a of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to catties with or without pcDNA3.1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies liters were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫曲，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接／酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C和pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D、pTARGET／P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN分别／同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以100ID_(50)或1000ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株：随后将质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C、pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10~4ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株。

The pHybLex/Zeo-Idl plasmid and the cDNA library plasmid were sequentially transformed into the yeast swains and screened to obtain Leu2^＋ and Leu2^＋LacZ^＋ clones, with the false positive clones excluded using positive and negative controls, and the plasmid of the true positive clone was sequenced and blasted for homological analysis.

方法PCR方法扩增Id1的编码序列并定向克隆入诱饵质粒pHybLex/Zeo，构建重组诱饵质粒pHybLex/Zeo-Id1，酶切鉴定后转化入酵母株EGY48/pSH18-34，检测重组诱饵质粒有无非特异激活报告基因Leu2、LacZ作用；扩增并提取成人肺组织文库质粒，将文库质粒及重组诱饵质粒转化入酵母细胞，依次筛选Leu2^＋，Leu2^＋LacZ^＋克隆；设置阴性及阳性对照，重复筛选Leu2＋LacZ＋克隆并排除假阳性克隆，获取真阳性文库质粒，进行测序和同源性比对。

Company uphold: Quality first, service first, reputation first, price concessions enthusiasm Services include: white masterbatch, black masterbatch,(PP, PA6, PA66, PET) fiber masterbatch, wire and cable masterbatch,sheet masterbatch, Packaging Masterbatch,(PP, PE, PS, ABS, PBT, PET, PC, PA, EVA, PU, POM )plastic masterbatch, features masterbatch.

公司秉承：品质第一，服务第一，信誉第一，价格优惠的宗旨热忱为广大顾客服务。服务的项目有：白色母粒、黑色母粒、(PP、PA6、PA66、PET)化纤色母粒、(PU、TPE、EVA、PE、PP)电线电缆色母粒、(PP、PE、PET、PMMA、ABS、HIPS)板材色母粒、(HIPS、PE、PP、PET、PC)包装色母粒、(PP、PE、PS、ABS、PBT、PET、PC、PA、EVA、PU、POM)注塑色母粒、(PP、PE、ABS、EVA、PU)功能色母粒。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。