粉孢子

Onychium is characterized by this type of spores.

具此类型孢子的只有金粉蕨属。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽进行无性生殖或利用真菌孢子进行有性生殖。

Leaves glossy deep green adaxially, narrowly linear-lanceolate, straight or slightly falcate, 0.8-6.5(-7) cm × 1.5-5 mm, midvein green abaxially, 0.3-1.2 mm wide, flat with median longitudinal keel throughout, stomatal bands present on both surfaces, bands on adaxial surface 0.5-1.5 mm wide, of 7-28 rows of stomatal, white powdery or not, bands on abaxial surface 1.2-2.8 mm apart, 0.3-0.8(-1) mm from leaf margin, not or rarely white powdery, base decurrent, margin denticulate, sometimes indistinctly so, especially on old trees, with 18-55(-90) teeth per side, apex usually symmetric and spinescent, spine 0.3-2 mm. Pollen cone fascicles terminal, 1-3(-5) together, broadly obovoid, each of 8-20 cones, occasionally a few also around base of seed cone; peduncle 2-4 mm; cones narrowly oblong-conical.

正面的叶有光泽的深绿色，披针形狭线形，直的或稍镰刀形， 0.8-6.5(-7)厘米×1.5-5毫米，中脉绿色背面，全部的0.3-1.2毫米宽，平的具中间的纵向的脊，气孔带宿存在两面，在正面0.5-1.5毫米宽上条纹状，7-28排stomatal的，与否白色粉状，相隔1.2-2.8毫米的条纹状的在背面，从叶缘的0.3-0.8(-1)毫米，白色敷粉的或很少的不，基部下延，边缘具小齿，有时不清楚如此，特别是在古树上，具18-55(-90)齿每边，先端通常对称和具刺，刺0.3个-2毫米雄球花束簇终端，花序梗2-4毫米；圆锥形孢子叶球狭长圆形。

S. Milling Wheat Containing Teliospores of Tilletia controversa Kuhn into the People's Republic of China,

中美两国注意到《对中华人民共和国进口美国磨粉用小麦含带矮腥黑穗病厚垣孢子的风险评估报告》的结论

More than 20 taxa of airborne fungi have been collected,among which the most common fungi were Uredinales,Ustilaginales,Alternaria,etc.Fungi spores were ralated with the season and weather,the most aboudant period in sring and summer.

结果：全年均可见真菌孢子，共收集真菌种类20多种，其中最常见的有链格孢、锈菌、黑粉菌等，其数量和季节、气候有关，以春季、夏季最多，秋季和冬季依次降低。

Results Observation of 35 746 grain of airborne fungi spores and 1 188 grain of fungi spores for one year revealed the following species of fungi: Ustilaginales, Aternaria, Uredinales, Clodoporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium, Pithomyces, Cladosporium macrocarpum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus fumigatus. Thirth-nine of 85 infants and young children with asthma (45.9%) showed positive skin test and 108 of 260 older children with asthma (41.5%) were positive for the skin tests; total positive rate was 42.61%.

结果 经1年的调查，曝片观察到的35 746个真菌孢子和曝皿观察到的1 188个菌落，分属于4个亚门60个种属，常见菌种有黑粉菌、交链孢菌、锈菌、枝孢芽枝菌、芽枝菌、皮思菌、大孢枝孢菌、黑曲菌、杂曲菌和烟曲菌。85例婴幼儿哮喘患儿，39例真菌变应原皮内试验阳性（45.9％），260例儿童哮喘患儿，108例皮试阳性（41.5％），总阳性率42.6％。

objective in order to investigate the variety of the airborne fungi in jingzhou area and study the relationships between airborne fungi and allergic diseases.methods we surveyed the fungi sensitizing of air in jingzhou city from feb.1th,2007 to jau.31th,2008 to quantitatively observe the daily airborne fungi and count under microscope through one year.results the fungi spores were present through all year.more than 20 taxa of airborne fungi have been collected,among which the most common fungi were uredinales,ustilaginales,alternaria,etc.fungi spores were ralated with the season and weather,the most aboudant period in sring and summer.conclusion the airborne fungi were seen one year and were mostly allergenic.many of then had seasonal distribution.

目的：调查荆州市气传真菌的种类、数量变化及飘散规律，了解优势菌群与过敏性疾病的关系，为荆州市空气真菌过敏症的防治提供参考。方法：2007年2月1日至2008年1月31日，在荆州市设曝片点，每日换片，收集全年气传真菌样品，在显微镜下统计，定量获得每天及全年的真菌数量。结果：全年均可见真菌孢子，共收集真菌种类20多种，其中最常见的有链格孢、锈菌、黑粉菌等，其数量和季节、气候有关，以春季、夏季最多，秋季和冬季依次降低。结论：气传真菌全年均有分布并具有较强的致敏性，部分真菌具有明显的季节性变化。

The result showed that the isolated strain was Ustilago esculenta, and indole acetic acid, abscisic acid, and gibberellic acid3 (GA3) were detected in the fermentation broth, and the contents of IAA is 0.1306mg/L, ABA is 0.01367mg/L.

结果表明：用菌落形态与孢子形态鉴定和分子生物学鉴定的方法，对茭白中分离的一个菌株鉴定为菰黑粉菌，且在其发酵液中检测到植物激素IAA、ABA和GA3，其中IAA含量为0.1306mg/L，ABA含量为0.01367mg/L。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐