粉孢子

In part of edible fungi, two different nuclei in heterokaryon are generally consided to distribute evenly to all of colony through clamp connection, and the ratio of two nuclei should be 1:1. But other hypothesis was demurrable according aberrancy of nucleus ratio during monokaryotization of oidiospore and protoplast in F. velutipes. My experiment was constituted of two parts.

在部分食用菌中，一般认为异核体菌丝通过锁状联合这一细胞结构将两种核均匀分布到全部菌落，异核体中两种核的数量比例应该是1：1的关系；但金针菇原生质体单核化和粉孢子单核化过程中发生的核偏离的研究表明，异核体菌丝两种核的数量比例可能不是1：1的关系。

Above results suggest that the nuclear genes controlling amyloplast development may express in the uninuclear microspore and continue to be active in the VC, while the genes controlling plastid dedifferentiation may be promoted in the GC after the first mitotic division.

以上结果表明可能控制造粉质体的核基因在单核小孢子中表达并继续在营养细胞中起作用，而控制质体脱分化的基因在第一次有丝分裂后才在生殖细胞中被启动。

The research on the conditions of chlamydospore production for the liquid fermentation showed that, the better single factors were oat liquid media, 30℃, 120r/min surge culture, sucrose as carbon source,(NH_4)_2SO_4 as nitrogen source and the ratio of 20 to 1 for C/N. Under the better single factors mentioned above, the largest quantity of chlamydospore, i.e.3.05×10~7spores/ml, was obtained on the 10th day after culture.

木霉T-33菌株产生厚垣孢子的发酵条件研究表明，采用燕麦粉培养液、30℃、120r/min振荡培养、250ml三角瓶装入80ml培养液、接种5片活化2d的5mm直径的菌片，碳氮源选择蔗糖和硫酸铵，C/N为20/l，足适合T-33菌株产孢的最佳单因素条件(碳氮源实验基于Czapek培养基)；用这些最佳单因素组合(不包括碳氮源和C/N结果)培养木霉T-33绘制了产孢曲线，发现在培养第10d得到最大的厚垣孢子产量3.05×10~7个/ml。

The results showed that the best carbon source was sucrose in which sporulation (16.13×10^7 conidia/cm^2) and extracellular protease 117.38 μg/(minmL reached the highest. The bean cake was the best nitrogen nutrition in which the quantity of conidium (15.62×10^7 conidia/cm^2) and extracellular protease 74.01 μg/(minmL were much higher than that of the contrast and inorganic salts.

综合各项指标得出，HFW-05菌株生长的最适碳源为蔗糖，产孢量与产酶量最大，分别为16.13×10^7孢子／平方公分和117.38μg/；最适氮源为豆粕粉，其产孢量和酶活远高于对照和无机盐类，分别为15.62×10^7孢子／平方公分和74.01μg/。

In the late of April of the second year, male inflorescences unbound and pollinated. When female inflorescences accepted the pollen grains, ovary development was increased in early May. With the development of either of the two ovule, funiculus, integument and nucellus were differentiated. Embryo sac mother cell came into being and the meiosis begins. Then fuctional megaspore developed into matured embryo sac that contain eight nucleuses. In the end of May, double fertilization generated.

次年，4月下旬，雄花序解螺旋散粉，雌花序开花授粉；5月上旬，雌花序授粉后，迅速增长，子房膨大，两个胚珠分化出珠柄、珠被和珠心，珠心中产生孢原细胞；5月中下旬，大孢子母细胞形成并减数分裂，功能性大孢子形成成熟的八核胚囊；5月底，发生双受精。

On the basis of pollen analysis of Nanwangzhuang Section, the Ningjingbo area, in combination with other results of the North China Plain, the author advanced the contents of Selaginella sinensis can be as a proxy for reflecting the scale of human activities.

以宁晋泊地区南王庄剖面孢粉分析资料为基础，综合研究华北平原他人的科研成果，提出了中华卷柏孢子在孢粉中含量的变化作为诠释人类活动的因子，这是一次新的尝试。

According to content of the Selaginella sinensis, a special species of Chinese plants, was closely correspond with the human activities reflecting by the historical and archeological data in the area, its content among the pollen is regarded as a proxy for interpreting extent of human activities.

利用孢粉分析中的中华卷柏这个中国植物特有种在孢粉含量中的变化与研究区历史、考古资料反映的人类活动具有十分密切的对应关系，将中华卷柏孢子在孢粉组合中含量变化作为诠释人类活动的因子。

Arbuscule colonization of FenGe was significantly higher than that of YaoGe, spore density of YaoGe was 7.95 fungi/g soil, significantly higher than that of CaiGe and FenGe.

丛枝定殖率粉葛显著高于药葛；孢子密度药葛高达7.95个/g土，显著高于菜葛和粉葛。

Sporophores of Rhizopogon luteolus were collected, air-dried and crushed into a fine powder.

再将放射松的种子与孢子果的细粉加水混合，则每粒种子约含1.9 × 106个孢子。

Co-transformation of plasmid pGg-gfp and plasmid pCc1001 which harbors the complementary gene trp1 was conducted by the PEG-mediated protoplast transformation of the oidia of LT2, a tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Coprinus cinereus.

采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pGg-gfp与辅助质粒pCc1001（含有trp1基因）共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。