类酶

Results The percentage of produced metallo-β-lactamase, lossed outer membrane OprinD2 and active efflux system in P A resistance to carbapenem are 29.8%, 31.9% and 31.9%, produced other β-lactamase is 6.4%, Conclusion Metallo-β-lactamase production is one of the main mechanisms in PA resistance to carbapinem, the result of correct detection in laboratory can not only promote the rational application of antimicrobial agents but also prevent the spread of bacterial resistance

结果 产金属酶、D2缺失、外排泵出分别占29.8%、31.9%、31.9%，产其他β-内酰胺酶占6.4%。结论产金属酶是PA耐碳青酶烯类抗菌药物最主要机制之一，准确的实验室检测不仅可以帮助临床合理选用抗菌药物并可减少细菌耐药性的传播。

Polyalcohol,preservative,metal ion and carbohydrate were experimented through single-factor tests,potassium sorbate,Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、sucrose and lactose had great effects on the stability of mannanase M0710.Orthogonal experiments decided the optimal stabilizing agent were potassium sorbate 3%,sodium chloride 2%and sucrose 2%.

对突变酶M0710的稳定剂也做了初步研究，单一因素试验考察了多元醇类化合物、防腐剂、金属离子和糖类化合物等对目的酶稳定性的影响，其中山梨酸钾、Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、蔗糖、乳糖对酶的稳定性有明显效果，通过正交试验最后确定效果最佳的液态酶M0710的稳定剂为山梨酸钟3%、氯化钠2%和蔗糖2%。

These studies indicate the rationality of our molecular design based on the crystal structure of KARI complex. To obtain more KARI inhibitors with high activities, the molecular docking and 3D-QSAR methods were applied to our further studying of these amidine compounds. Two methods AutoDock3. 0.3 and DOCK4. 0 were used in molecular docking, and the calculate results accord with that of herbicidal tests in general. The CoMFA model from 3D-QSAR analysis provided useful guidance for designing highly active compounds prior to their synthesis.

这些分子作为潜在的KARI抑制剂为基于KARI的农药分子设计提供了有利指导；对部分小分子进行了合成，在除草活性初筛的近三十个化合物中，个别化合物表现出较好的除草活性，其中一个化合物wb1596对油菜和稗草具有较高的生长抑制率，并通过E.coli KARI酶活性抑制试验验证了其KARI酶的作用靶标，此化合物可以作为KARI一个有苗头的抑制剂为后续工作奠定了基础；对发现的有苗头的KARI抑制剂进行了结构修饰和优化，合成了一系列脒类化合物并确证了它们的结构，改造后的化合物与原抑制剂相比大多除草活性相当或更佳，从而表明我们基于靶标结构的分子设计的合理可靠性；对所合成一系列脒类化合物进行了分子对接和三维定量构效关系研究。

Four different catechin content cultivars were selected from our tea germplasm appraisal database to assay the gene expression level of the seven genes, flavonol synthase, dihydroflavonol-4-reductase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, anthocyanidin synthase, etc, which were involved in the flavonoids biosynthesis. The result showed that, the DFR and LAR transcripts were expressed increased with the increasing of tea catechin contents. Nevertheless, the others did not show this tendency clearly.

利用半定量PCR技术检测总儿茶素含量不同的4个茶树品种中与类黄酮合成相关的黄酮醇合成酶、二氢黄酮醇－4-还原酶、无色花色素还原酶、花色素合成酶等7个基因的表达情况，结果表明DFR和LAR基因的表达量与茶树中总儿茶素含量呈一定的相关性，而其他基因则与其相关性不大。

The results showed that the optimized content of Mg~(2+) was 5mmol/L; dNTP was 200μmol/L; Primer was 0.5μmol/L; Taq polymerase was lU/50ul in the PCR system. Only one fragment of about 270bp was amplified within the genome of 12 wild species and 23 cultivars of Mallus Mill., which indicated that Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons were archaic components of apple genome. The nested insertion of near and within the reverse transcriptase gene of Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons wasn\'t found in apple genome.2 The reverse transcriptase conservative region of Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons were amplified from Gala apple using the optimized PCR system. The amplification product was isolated, cloned and sequenced. Forty-five clones containing reverse transcriptase conservative region were obtained (accession number: AY849580 -AY849592 and DQ105035-DQ105066). Cluster analysis of these sequences showed a great heterogeneity among RT domains isolated from the same genotype.

从苹果属12个野生种和苹果23个栽培品种中都扩增到了约270bp的目的产物，且所有试材的扩增结果一致，均无目的条带以外的产物扩增，说明Ty1-copia类逆转座子在苹果属植物中广泛存在，且存在历史可能较为久远；从扩增结果看不出该逆转座子的逆转录酶基因或附近区域在苹果基因组内有嵌套行为的发生。2、利用优化了的PCR方法从嘎拉苹果基因组克隆了45条Ty1-copia类逆转座子逆转录酶保守序列(登陆号分别为AY849580-AY849592和DQ105035-DQ105066)，结果表明，同一基因组来源的这些序列存在高度的异质性。

Melanoidin coloring substance came into existence more or less after long-term food storage or food thermal treatment.Such phenomenon was named as Maillard reaction because enzymes were not involved in the reaction.

食品在加热处理或长期贮存后，都会产生不同程度的类黑精色素，如面包、烤肉、熏鱼、咖啡、茶及酱油等调味品中，都有类黑精色素的产生，因为这一类反应没有酶的参与，故又称非酶褐变(N o-enzym atic Brow ning)反应。

In the enzymatic reaction, the browning substrates are oxidized toο-quinones and finally polymerized into the brown-colored by-products.To identify the browning substrates caused by PPO of pericarp tissues of litchi fruit, the experiments were conducted for the first time to separate, select and purify these substrates.

一般认为荔枝采后褐变主要是由于果皮细胞中多酚氧化酶与酚类底物区域化分布的破坏而导致酶促反应的发生，表现为酚类物质被催化氧化为醌，后者则通过聚合反应形成褐色产物。

The therapeutic problems posed by class D beta-lactamases, a family of serine enzymes that hydrolyse beta-lactam antibiotics following an acylation-deacylation mechanism, are increased by the very low level of sensitivity of these enzymes to beta-lactamase inhibitors.

丝氨酸酶一个科能水解β-内酰胺抗生素和随后进行酰化和脱酰化机理， D类β-内酰胺酶引起的治疗问题，随着这些对β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的酶的非常低敏感性而不断增加。

The studies on metabolic enzymes、synergists and neurobioassays suggest that the monooxygenases、esterase and decreased nerve sensitity are involved in resistance to pyrethroids in the resistant HJ-R strain . The resistance to both organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides is mainly caused by metabolic mechanisms. The significantly synergistic effects of Pbo infer that the resistance to carbamata may be principally attributable to monooxygenases detoxification.

代谢酶系、增效作用以及神经电生理研究表明，HJ-R种群对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性是由多功能氧化酶及酯酶代谢增强、神经敏感性降低几个因子综合作用的结果；对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的抗性主要是由代谢机制引起，与靶标部位敏感性降低机制抗性无关，Pbo对HJ-R种群突出的增效作用，表明多功能氧化酶代谢在对灭多威的抗性中可能起主导作用。

In order to avoid Madeirization, enzyme treatments provided with a prospective method. In this paper, the mechanism of Madeirization, enzymes, polyphenols and enzyme oxidations which related to Madeirization were discussed. Comparison between traditional methods and enzyme treatment processing technology in white wine were also reviewed.

较全面地介绍了马德拉化的反应机制和能消除葡萄酒中引起马德拉化反应的多酚类物质的酶的种类及其酶促反应类型；比较了酶处理与传统方法的异同，并给出了酶处理防止马德拉化的工艺流程。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。