类菌体

During the establishment process of symbiotic relation of alfalfa rhizobium with host plant, alfalfa rhizobium entered into host plant cell as self-growing state, and then transferred into bacteroid of symbiotic state through its differentiation development.

苜蓿根瘤菌在与宿主植物建立共生关系的过程中，以自生状态进入宿主植物细胞，经过分化发育转变为共生状态的类菌体。

Supplied with different forms of carbon compounds to the bacteroid suspension as respiratory substrates investigated in Warburg respirometer , it showed that sucrose was nonutilizable and its hydrolysates , glucose and fructose were util .

试验以多种碳源供类菌体作呼吸基质，果表明蔗糖不能被利用，水解成葡葡糖和果糖后的利用率低。

To better understand the roles of LsrA protein in nodulation, a series of analyses of nodules using scanning electron microscopy, genetic and biochemical approaches have been carried out. Our analyses suggest that the lsrA1 nodules contain bacteroids in the invasion and establishing zone only. The lsrA gene expression is active early in the invasion zone and activated later than bacA genes. The lost of LsrA protein dramatically reduced the expression of nifA and fixK, and completely blocked the expression of the nifH gene for nitrogenase. LsrA protein functions early in the bacteroid development and it is essential for the development nitrogen fixing bacteroids.

前期的工作中，苜蓿中华根瘤菌Rm1021中90个候选LysR基因已经被定向插入突变，并筛选在自生生长时期、共生生长时期的表型，以期寻找更多在自生状态或共生固氮中有功能的LysR转录因子。1 针对前期鉴定出的共生固氮必需的lsrA基因，我们应用了一系列扫描电子显微镜技术、生物化学、分子遗传学等方法，发现lsrA基因主要在根瘤侵染区开始表达，表达时序也在侵染阶段左右，但晚于bacA基因表达；LsrA蛋白缺失后根瘤固氮区中缺乏具有固氮能力的类菌体，nifA和fixK基因的转录水平降低，nifH基因的转录被完全阻断，因此LsrA蛋白为根瘤发育所必需，是新的根瘤发育信号传导途径成员。2 通过表型筛选我们鉴定了苜蓿中华根瘤菌的oxyR基因，并研究了它的调节特性。oxyR突变后，苜蓿中华根瘤菌对过氧化氢敏感性提高，适应性降低。

When the strain grew in the medium containing glucose(40 g/L) as carbon source with tomato juice(3.6 mL/L), gingili oil(1.6 mL/L), Na2CO3(6 g/L)and phosphate buffer, at 28 ℃ with illumination for 120 h, its cell biomass, and carotenoid yield and content could reach 65.57 mg wet cell per mL medium, 9.896 μg per mL medium and 150.9 μg per gram wet cell, respectively.

菌株在以葡萄糖为碳源，添加番茄汁（3.6 mL /L）、芝麻油（1.6 mL/L）、Na2CO3（6 g/L）和磷酸缓冲盐的液体培养基中28 ℃振荡培养5 d，每mL培养液细胞生物量湿重达到65.57 mg，类胡萝卜素产量达到9.896 μg，菌体每g湿重细胞胡萝卜素含量为150.9 μg。

It was known that pyridine and Triton-x100 had a bad effect on the cell growth and lycopene production were studied. The results indicated that pyridine and triton-x100 inhibited cell growth and lycopene synthesis;β-ionone increased cell growth and lycopene synthesis when the concentration was 0.05 ml/L, but when the concentration became higher, there would be a decrease on the lycopene output; span-20 increased cell growth and lycopene synthesis effectively when the concentration reached 2.0ml/L, and the lycopene yield became 2.4×10~(-2) mg/L which was 3-fold than control.

研究了培养基中加入不同浓度的小分子效应物吡啶、Triton-x100、Span-20、β-紫罗酮、异烟肼对番茄红素产量的提高作用，结果显示培养基中加入很低浓度的吡啶(0.1ml／L)就会对菌体产生很强的毒害作用；triton-x100对类胡萝卜素的合成也有很强的抑制作用，试验的浓度为0.2ml／L到5ml／L，结果发现它对菌体的生长和番茄红素的合成都有抑制作用；β-紫罗酮在浓度为0.05ml／L时有很小的促进作用，而浓度升高就有了比较强的抑制效果；span-20在液体培养基中的加量为2.0ml／L时，对番茄红素的合成有很强的促进效果，产量达到了2.4×10~(-2)mg／L，比原始菌株产量提高了2倍，而浓度进一步增大就产生了很强的抑制效果。

Among them the most remarkable changes is that it obtains symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability.

此时，类菌体中许多与共生相关的基因被激活，蛋白的表达量显著增加。

Further, the method for producing acrylamide of the present invention is characterized by hydrating acrylonitrile having a concentration of acrolein of 1 ppm or less by a microbial cell containing a nitrile hydratase or a processed product of the microbial cell in an aqueous medium.; Furthermore, the method for producing an acrylamide-based polymer of the present invention is characterized by homopolymerizing the acrylamide or by copolymerizing the acrylamide and at least one unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the acrylamide.

本发明的制备丙烯酰胺的方法的特征在于，用含有腈水合酶的微生物的菌体或该菌体处理物使丙烯醛浓度为1ppm以下的丙烯腈在水性介质中进行水合反应。本发明的制备丙烯酰胺类聚合物的方法的特征在于均聚所述丙烯酰胺，或共聚所述丙烯酰胺和能与丙烯酰胺共聚的至少一种不饱和单体。

Bacteroids synthesize nitrogenase, a Mo-Fe protein, which is the enzyme that catalyzes reduction of N2 to ammonia.

类菌体合成固氮酶，一种钼铁蛋白，这种酶能催化氮气还原为氨。

Do the terminally differentiated bacteroids constitute a step towards a N2-fixing organelle?

在一定时期分化形成类菌体是否是形成固氮器官的必经步骤？

The leghaemoglobin surrounding the bacteroids serves a dual role.

类菌体四周的豆血红蛋白执行双重职能。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。