类脂

The cerebrosides and the gangliosides can also be classed as glycolipids because of the presence of carbohydrate, and the sphingomyelins and the glycolipids can be classed as sphingolipids because of the presence of sphingosine.

脑苷脂类和神经节苷脂因为存在碳水化合物可被划分为糖脂。而神经鞘磷脂和糖脂可被划分为神经鞘脂类，因为存在神经鞘氨醇。

The thesis concerning about the total synthesis of some natural occurringlignans and neolignans consists of following five parts:I. Progress in the synthesis of some natural occurring neolignans A view of the synthesis of some natural occurring neolignans, especiallybenzofuraniod and bicyclo[3, 2, 1]octanoid neolignans was given. The syntheticmethods for this two kind of neolignans have been classified and discussed.Ⅱ.

本论文研究了一些木脂素和新木脂素类天然产物的全合成，共包括五部分内容：一、一些新木脂素类天然产物的合成进展对一些新木脂素类天然产物尤其是苯骈呋喃类和双环[3，2，1]辛烷类新木脂素的合成工作进行了较为全面的介绍，并对此类化合物的合成方法进行了分类和讨论。

III. Studies on the total synthesis of macrophllin type of bicyclo[3, 2, 1] octanoid neolignans ( C-4': endo ) The first total synthetic route of macrophllin type of bicyclo[3, 2, 1]octanoidneolignans ( C-4': endo ) was established based on the rearrangement ofbenzofuranoid and bicyclo[3, 2, 1]octanoid neolignans.

三、Macrophllin型双环[3，2，1]辛烷类新木脂素(C-4'桥环为endo)的全合成研究利用氢化苯骈呋喃类新木脂素和双环[3，2，1]辛烷类新木脂素的重排关系，首次建立了macrophllin型双环[3，2，1]辛烷类新木脂素(C-4'桥环为endo)的全合成路线。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

The present doctoral dissertation was carried out to study the chemical constituents isolated from stems of two medicinal schisandraceous plants.34 compounds were isolated from the ethanol extracts of the stems S.henryi collected in the Jiangxi province by various column chromatographies.27 of them were identified on the basis of spectral analysis.There are 18 lignans,(including 5 dibenzocyclooctadienes,6 aryltetralins,2 tetrahydrofurans,3 diarylbutanes,2 other lignans),3 flavanols,2 glyceroesters,1 naphthoquinone,1 xanthine and 2 steroids,of which 6 compounds were new compounds,and 7 compounds were isolated from this family for the first time.

采用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化，从翼梗五味子藤茎的乙醇提取物中分离到34个化合物，综合运用现代波谱学技术鉴定了27个化合物，包括木脂素类化合物18个(其中联苯环辛烯类木脂素5个，芳基四氢萘类木脂素6个，四氢呋喃类木脂素2个，二芳基丁烷类3个，其他类型木脂素2个)，黄烷醇类化合物3个，甘油酯类化合物2个，萘醌类化合物1个，黄嘌呤类化合物1个，甾体类化合物2个，其中，5个为新化合物，7个为本科首次报道。

Rudin and his coworkers showed in early 1960 that a soap film in its final stages of thinning has a structure comprised of two lipid monolayers sandwiching an aqueous solution.

在20世纪60年代早期，Rudin和他的合作者们认识到在皂膜变薄的最后阶段是由一个夹在含水溶液中的两类脂单层构成。

Phytochemical investigation on the acetone extract of the stems of K.oblongifolia led to the isolation of 49 compounds and 31 of them were identified.They were 20 lignans,(including 11 dibenzocyclooctadienes,8 spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocycloocta -dienes,1 other lignan),9 flavones,and 1 nortriterpenoid.Among them,4 were new compounds,1 was new natural products,and 8 compounds were isolated from this family for the first time.

通过对冷饭藤的藤茎化学成分的研究，从丙酮提取物中分离得到49个化合物，鉴定了31个化合物，包括木脂素类化合物20个(联苯环辛烯类木脂素11个，螺苯骈联苯环辛烯类木脂素8个，其他类型木脂素1个)，黄酮类化合物9个，降三萜类化合物1个，其中。4个为新化合物，1个新的天然产物，8个为本科首次报道。

Plant polyprenols, which have similar structure and biological activity to dolichols in human body, are lipids of polymer with isoprenyl units. However, dolichols are key carriers in biosynthesis process of glycosyl derivatives with protein.

植物聚戊烯醇是一类异戊烯基结构聚合体的类脂化合物，与人体内多萜醇具有相似的结构特征和生理活性，而多萜醇是糖基与蛋白质生物合成的关键载体。

For instance, those in the water quality of the influent are as below: excessive surface active matters, lipid compounds, shock of extreme pH values, very high alkalinity and temperature;inflow of phenol ＆ its derivatives, alcohol, organic acids, and heavy metals etc.

在进水水质方面有：过量表面活性物质和类脂化合物，过低或过高的pH值冲击，碱度过高，水温过热，酚及其衍生物、醇、醛、某些有机酸、硫化物、重金属及卤化物等致毒性底物的流入等等。

On the basis of biology, it deduces the relation between the high electrostatic field and the transmembrane voltage by the formula of nernst and the quantum tunneling effect.

采用平面类脂双层模型分析外加高压静电场对植物细胞跨膜电位的影响，并探讨其微观机理。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。