类比推理

The results showed that the difference of the style did not influence the occurrence of analogical reasoning.

实验结果表明目标信息与源信息二者文体的不同不会影响类比推理的发生，类比推理的结果能够整合进目标信息的表征。

Analogical reasoning is discussed frequently in cognition and artificial intelligence field because of its' creative power.

由于其创造性，类比推理是认知科学与人工智能领域经常探讨的问题，但是类比推理解决问题的精确性，或者说效率，是一个较少提及的问题。

Reasoning by analogy contain broad sense and narrow sense. The broad sense analogy indicates generally the inference based on genus, which equal to what we now say inference (contain deduce, induce, analogy). The narrow sense analogy only points several typical inference form based on same genus that the ancients discussed in Mohist Argument: pi, mou, yuan, tui, which mostly equal to what we now say analogy.

推类有广义和狭义之分：广义推类泛指在类的基础上进行的推理，相当于我们现在所说的推理；狭义推类仅指《墨辩》中论及的譬、侔、援、推等几种典型的、以类同为依据的推理类型，大致相当于当今所说的类比推理。

In middle school maths, identical or the attribute in some way that contains an element by the place in 2 maths system is similar, the thinking form with the other likely also and identical or similar property that rolls out them is called analogy inference, the pattern that uses analogy inference solves the method of mathematical problem to call analogy way.

在中学数学中，由2个数学系统中所含元素的属性在某些方面相同或相似，推出它们的其他属性也可能相同或相似的思维形式被称为类比推理，运用类比推理的模式解决数学新问题的方法称为类比法。

The results indicate that (1) the significant main effect lies in the reaction time of analogy reasoning on the level of creative thoughts, reasoning types and groups.

研究结果表明：(1)类比推理的反应时在创造性思维水平、推理类型和组别上均存在显著的主效应，并且在创造性思维和推理类型之间存在显著的交互作用；而类比推理的正确率在推理类型和组别上存在显著的主效应。

So analogy reasoning is suitable in very large range , people can carry on the analogy among two different individual things ; carry on the analogy among two different things ; carry on the analogy between individual of some kind and another things .

所以说类比推理的适用范围很广，人们既可以在两个不同的个体事物之间进行类比；也可以在两个不同的事物类之间进行类比；还可以在某类的个体与另一事物类之间进行类比。

And for verbal analogies, the spatial component of visuospatial sketchpad has main effect.

在图形类比推理中，主要有视空间模板中的空间成分，语音回路中的发音成分以及中*央执行器的参与；在言语类比推理中，则是视空间模板中的空间成分起主要作用。

To avoid the collision accidents of ships at sea, with the universalizing and application of computer, and the development and maturity of the technology of Expert System and Artificial Intelligent, this paper developed an intelligent collision avoidance expert system for navigation. The main research work centers on several aspects, which will be represented as below:By the navigation rules" understanding and analyzing, and by the navigation experience and navigation samples" collecting and trimming, we put forth and build a multi-unit and layering KB systematic structure, and implement the KBM. According to features of different knowledge, we adopt multifarious KR, such as: frame KR, production rule KR, procedure KR. We also build a multi-inference system, which based on analog inference, forward illation inference, conversion inference and meta-rule inference. At the same time, we develop each reasoning algorithm. For some problems in collision avoidance region during the building of the expert system, we put forth and build a set of models to solve them using neural network technology.

为了避免船舶间碰撞事故的发生，结合计算机技术在各类船舶中的普及与应用、专家系统技术及人工智能技术的发展、成熟，本文研制、开发了一种具有一定智能的航海避碰专家系统，主要内容包括以下几个方面：通过对航海规则的理解与分析，对航海经验、航海实例的搜集、整理，提出并建立起了航海避碰专家系统的多元分层知识库体系结构，并实现了知识库的管理；根据不同知识的特点，分别采用了框架、产生式规则、过程等多种知识表示方法；提出了一种基于类比推理、正向演绎推理、换位推理及元级推理等的多种推理机制，并建立起了相应的推理算法；引入神经网络技术，针对在建立专家系统过程中所遇到的有关避碰领域内的一些难题，提出并建立了相应解决问题的模型，其中包括：船舶类型的识别，会遇态势的分类及避碰危险的评估。

This research of this thesis focuses on the cognitive strategy of geometric analogy cognitive component and the subjects'learning potential on the geometric analogy test, deploying the research encircling the realization of geometric analogy test from these three aspects. It answers 3 detailed question:1.what kind of item can arose the rule-constructing strategy of the subject, or rule-deleting strategy?

本研究关注几何类比推理的认知策略、认知成分及被试在几何类比推理测验上的学习能力，围绕几何类比推理测验在这三方面的认知诊断功能的实现展丌研究，具体回答三个问题：(1)怎样的项目更能引发被试的规则构建策略或更能引发被试的选项剔除策略？

A couple of tasks including digit span memory, dot memory , digit span working memory, visuo-spatial working memory and Stroop experiment are used to investigate working memory. Language analogical reasoning and graph analogical reasoning are examined via the primary school students" reasoning ability test and Raven"s standard progressive matrices. Three mathematical-word-problem questionnaires for the primary school students were compiled by the author and had been proved with satisfying internal consistency of reliability.

用数字记忆广度任务、点记忆任务、数字工作记忆广度任务、视空间工作记忆任务和Stroop实验考查工作记忆；用小学生推理能力的测定和瑞文推理测验分别考查言语类比推理和图形类比推理能力；自编了小学生数学应用题问卷三套考查应用题解题能力，通过检验表明，该三套问卷具有较好的内部一致性信度。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了