类比

Version 1.0 2009 National Taiwan Normal University, Secience Education Center, DoRISE Team

郭人仲 (1994)，国中生物概念类比学习之研究，国立彰化师范大学，硕士论文，未出版。

The 1D wave equation inverse scattering problem includes many proce- dures such as time-depth conversion,Z transform,1D spectral fac- torization,reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient,et...

三维波动方程逆散射的关键环节可类比于一维波动方程反问题，一维波动方程逆散射中的时深转换、Z变换、一维谱分解和反射与透射系数等环节，在多维波动方程逆散射或速度横向变化介质逆散射的研究中，被替换为射线坐标系、单程波算子、基于Witt积的多维谱分解和反射与透射算子的平面波响应。

On the way, By giving the example as the names of the thing (such as silk silks etc.) with color and the basic colorific phrase associated with it, this text demonstrated a fact that the basic colorific phrases were evolved from the names of the thing that include the color, under the function of the come from the method that is borrowing the thing assumes the color, and expatiated the condition of the basic colorific phrase in Chinese language. Take the synthesize colorific phrase implied compliment or dispraiser as an example, explained the imagism of Chinese thought method how to influence the synthesize the colorific phrase, and do it by taking the food, metals and nature scenery makes the ratio at other Chinese thought method that is take shape to analogy as too. It expatiated the influence that the Han ethnologic culture result in the acceptation of the colorific phrase, pass on analyze the diverse the diverse metaphor meanings of colorific phrase and the opposite phenomenon of acceptation among them of, and the colorific etyma metaphor of "yellow","vermilion","purple","blue","green" and "white", under the premise that distinct the different between themetaphor meanings of colorific phrase and colorific etyma metaphor.

由此本文通过例举有色彩含义的事物专有名称及相应的基本色彩词，分析了基本色彩词是在&借物呈色&思维方式的影响下，由有色彩含义的事物专有名称演变而来的事实，并阐述了汉语基本色彩词的状况；以含有褒扬、贬抑语义的合成色彩词为例说明了汉民族&意向性&思维方式对合成色彩词的影响，以取食物、金属、自然界景物作比的合成色彩词为例说明了汉民族&取象类比&思维方式对合成色彩词的影响；在区分色彩词隐喻意义与色彩语素隐喻意义的基础上，通过分析色彩词的多元隐喻意义及其中的语义对立现象，并分析&黄&、&朱&、&紫&、&青&、&绿&、&白&等色彩语素的隐喻意义，阐述了汉民族文化对色彩词语义的影响。

In the studying method, this text braid with the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics and culture linguistics (Two all involve the thought method), and follow two clues that were mutually connections, the one is how to construct the basic colorific phrase, the synthesize colorific phrase and the phrase contained colorific word by the colorific etyma, the two is the thought method -borrowing the thing assumes the color, imagism, and take shape to analogy, how to engender function in the process for built phrase, and select correlated exemplum to evolve to analyze.

方法上结合了认知语言学和文化语言学的观点，追循两条相关联的线索：一是色彩语素如何构造基本色彩词、合成色彩词，二是汉民族文化中特有的&借物呈色&、&意向性&、&取象类比&的思维方式在造词过程中如何起作用，选取相关例证展开分析。

I shall, therefore, invite you to consider, as a suggestive analogy, the action which takes place when a bit of finely filiated platinum is introduced into a chamber containing oxygen and sulphur dioxide.

因此，我要邀请你们将之当做一种启发性的类比，来考虑一下：当一根细细的铂金被放入充满氧气和二氧化硫的容器中后发生的反应。

METHODS: We performed autologous chondrocyte transplantation in twelve patients with a focal deep cartilage lesion of the talus. There were seven female and five male patients with a mean age of 29.7 years. The mean size of the lesion was 2.3 cm(2). All patients were studied prospectively. Evaluation was performed with use of the Hannover ankle rating score, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score, a visual analog scale for pain, and magnetic resonance imaging.

我们对12例距骨软骨缺损的患者采用自体软骨细胞移植术，7名男性和5名女性，平均年龄29.7岁，缺损的平均大小是2.3平方厘米，所有的患者进行前瞻性研究，利用Hannover踝关节等级评分和美国矫形外科学会足踝分会踝后足评分进行评估，对疼痛和磁共振影像学进行直观类比标度。

Comments: Through translation, we have produced basically a readable, coherent and authentic text except for a mistake that Haiku is a form of Japanese poetry and Haikus is the plural form of Haiku.

For example，我们还必须学会更多地了解构成异文明的文化资本的文本，我们要学会了解这些文明试图征服或逃脱类比产生的文化蚕食带来的劫难的方式

How to decide the similarities between the facts contained in the norms and in the pending case is the sticking point or difficulty of analogical reasoning,and this needs the judge refer to theories of inscapes and types,and handle some kinds of judicial technique to make a reflexive equilibrium between norms and facts as well as methods and outcomes.

类比推论的关节和难点，是规范事实和个案事实之间的&相似性&判断，这需要裁判者观照构成要件理论和类型理论，综合各种与类推相关的司法技术，在规范与事实、方法与结果之间寻求一种反思性平衡。

Thefirst laserdiscs had entirely analog content.

第一代的 LD 把资料用类比式的方式储存。

Through this stage's research, we understood the Hwangyen mandarine orange fable inheritance the present situation, we realized from this to received passes on the Hwangyen mandarine orange fable the importance and designs has received passes on the mandarine orange fable the plan, and proved its validity through the analogy methodology.

通过这一阶段的研究，我们了解到黄岩蜜橘传说传承的现状，由此我们认识到承传黄岩蜜橘传说的重要性并设计了承传蜜橘传说的方案，并通过类比研究法论证其有效性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。