类型问题

This paper aims at the prominent issue that current models of spatial topological relations can not represent complex object, among which 9-Intersections Model (9IM) is well known. Therefore, taking cadastral data as example, one model of topological relations between complex and spatio-temporal objects based on 9IM is put forward. And the improved sweep-line algorithm is designed. Specific studies as follows:(1)According to the concepts of point set topology, the author distinguishes the complexity of the object, redefines the spatial point, line and region. For instance, in the simple region, concave one is more complex than convex, composite regions can be composed of many parts or with holes, and so on.

本文针对当前空间拓扑关系模型无法表达复杂对象的突出问题，以地籍对象为实例，以9I模型为基础，探索了一种适合复杂对象和时空对象的拓扑关系表达模型，较好地解决了地籍对象中各类要素间拓扑关系的描述和应用，实现了地籍变更中变化语义类型的推理和历史回溯；通过对现有的拓扑关系计算方法进行了改进，设计了相关算法，给出了C语言程序示例；最后通过实验系统的实现，验证了模型和算法的可行性。

After explaining the definition of the "B 60" class ship and various requirements of the Load Line Convention to be satisfied, the problems of damaged stability for this type of ship are discussed in the paper.

本文在阐明"B60"船舶定义和应满足的国际载重线公约各项规定的基础上，着重叙述了该类型船型的破舱稳性问题。

Another problem with choosing a shredder is that there is no one well-known type of shredder out there.

选择碎纸机的另一个问题是，并没有一个类型著名的碎纸机。

All of these questions, once answered, will help you decide on the right type of paper shredder for you.

所有这些问题，一旦回答，会帮助您作出决定的权利类型的文件碎纸机你。

The main jobs of this paper are as followed: 1 The reuse of the frame design technology for aircraft assembly fixtures is researched. a frame line part library is built with the templet driven technology, the reuse of the frame line part come true by the tools for instantiation and instance modification. The design resources are effectively used, some repeating work is cut. 2 Two methods to obtain the assembly feature are proposed: the straight way by the Enumeration method and the indirect way by project features to the assembly plane. All of the assembly features of the frame and the adjustable bearings are obtained by these two methods which makes the frame automatic assembly technology for aircraft assembly fixtures come true. 3 The frame automatic assembly technology aircraft assembly fixtures based on assembly features is researched. A binary tree assembly model is used to express the assembly information of the frame for aircraft assembly fixtures, the automatic assembly between the frame, the aircraft and the adjustable bearing is completed within the three steps: distribute, obtain and evaluate assembly feature. Finally, the efficiency of the frame assembly design is proved. 4The frame interpart modeling technology for aircraft assembly fixtures is researched, the intersection methods are concluded and the arithmetic of the single-cut, double-cut and inter-cut intersection is proposed, the interpart fast modeling of the frame design for aircraft assembly fixture come true. 5Based on the researches mentioned before, a sub-system of frame fast design for aircraft assembly fixture is developed on CATIA. The sub-system is used to design the aircraft assembly fixtures in a large aeronautics corporation and make a good- effect.

论文的主要工作如下： 1研究了飞机装配型架骨架设计重用技术，在总结归纳骨架线框结构类型的基础上，应用模板驱动的方法建立了骨架线框库，通过骨架线框零件的实例化和离线编辑实现骨架线框的重用，有效利用设计资源，减少重复劳动； 2提出穷举几何对象的装配特征直接获取方法，遍历零件模型的几何对象，从中捕捉所需装配特征，该方法简捷、高效；提出向装配面投影的装配特征间接获取方法，该方法在现有特征基础上生成装配特征，解决了部分装配特征难以直接获取的问题； 3研究了基于装配特征的飞机装配型架骨架自动装配技术，采用一种二叉树装配模型表达骨架的装配关系，并通过装配特征的分配、获取和赋值三个步骤，实现了骨架分别与飞机产品和可调支承的自动装配，避免了繁琐的人工交互操作，提高了骨架设计的效率和规范化程度； 4研究了飞机装配型架骨架零件间建模技术，在总结归纳骨架元件相贯处理方式的基础上，提出了骨架元件单剪切相贯、双剪切相贯和互剪切相贯的实现算法，简化了骨架相贯处理的过程； 5基于以上研究，在CATIA平台上开发了飞机装配型架骨架快速设计子系统，并应用于某大型航空企业的装配型架设计，提高了设计效率和设计质量。

The only problem is that he is an SOB to work with.

他现在唯一的问题就是，如果与他共事的话，你会发现他是属于浑蛋类型的。

Sociobiology uses Nikolaas Tinbergen's four categories of questions and explanations of animal behavior.

社会生物学使用尼古拉斯·廷伯根的四种类型，划分动物行为的问题和解释。

The technical movements under study include the spiker's run-up and footwork, speed of attack, height and trajectory of the spike, and point of impact with the ball.

本文通过大量的训练实践和实战，从理论上系统地总结了我国运动员研制的四号位平拉开扣球技术的要领，诸如助跑路线和步法、速度、弧度和高度以及扣球击球点的选择等方面的问题，并提出了针对不同类型的运动员如何训练并掌握这项技术的方法。

Then, the convergence and convergence rate of three kinds of GA above are analyzed comprehensively from the point of view of stochastic matrix and matrix eigenvalue. The general convergence analysis methods of GA by Markov chains are presented and the convergence rates are discussed emphatically.

然后，利用有限Markov链从随机矩阵和矩阵特征值两个角度全面分析了上述三种类型GA的收敛性和收敛速度，给出了利用Markov链分析GA收敛性的通用方法，重点讨论了它们的收敛速度问题。

Based on field observation and indoor analysis about the stylolites in Tieshan,Daye,Hubei Province,this paper raises some fresh understandings about the stylolite as follows:(1) Stylolite s are classified into wave-shaped,sawtooth-shaped,city-wall-shaped and thin-column shaped stylolites.

为深入研究碳酸盐岩中的压溶作用，加深对压溶作用的认识和理解，以常见的缝合线构造为例，结合前人的研究成果和现代科技手段对湖北大冶铁山地区的缝合线构造进行了全面深入的研究，得到以下研究成果：丰富了缝合线类型；结合计算机技术获得了缝合线的三维形态；总结了缝合线形成中的一些主控因素；论述缝合线在应力分析、应变测量等传统领域及在能源资源等新领域的应用；对缝合线研究中存在的问题及分歧进行了评述并指出今后几年的研究重点。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。