类型问题

Why not to encapsulate common behavior in abstracts but in the same time avoiding strong typing issues using them?

为什么不来封装在摘要中常见的行为，但同时避免使用这些类型的强烈问题？

And also metal material's corrosion form and method of anticorrosion are analyzed. The review still includes water chemistry's function, principle, type and characteristic in utility boiler. And the dissertation's studying direction, content and method are determined against the current existing problem of water chemistry of utility boiler. 2. High temperature potential-pH equilibrium diagram's application and high temperature solution's practical pH calculation The application method of high temperature potential-pH equilibrium diagram and solution's practical pH at high temperature are analyzed and calculated.

本文所做的主要研究工作有：一、火力发电站热力系统防腐综述及论文研究方向与内容在查阅大量国内外文献和资料，并结合多年来工作和研究经验的基础上，对火力发电站热力系统的组成、工作环境、常用金属材料、常见腐蚀形态、常用腐蚀控制方法以及电站锅炉水化学工况的作用、原理、类型与特点等作了全面深入的分析和总结，并针对目前电站锅炉水化学工况应用中存在的问题，提出了本文的研究方向、内容和方法。

The key problem of a message definition is to keep it simple, consistent, extensible and strong typed.

消息的定义的关键问题是要保持简单，一致，可扩展性和强大的类型。

Highly efficient and stable method of parameter estimation is built. The fitting degree of extensive extreme value distribution and the extremeⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲtype distribution was compared, among which the optimal distribution type are researched.

针对极大似然法参数估计的失效问题，将逐步迭代法推广应用于广义极值分布，建立了参数估计的高效稳定算法，并比较广义极值分布与极值Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分布的拟合度，研究平均风速的最优分布类型。

This paper summarizes previous discussions about three important issues: 1 What type of attention is most facilitative for second language acquisition?

本文综述过去有关注意的三个重大问题的讨论：1）什么类型的注意最有利于二语习得？

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

These are all important questions that will determine the type of family tree you decide to build.

这些都是重要的问题，将决定类型的家谱您决定建立。

Whether an input or output impedance is raised or lowered by feedback depends on the type of amplifier to which feedback is applied, as will be shown in the next section.

通过反馈后输入或输出阻抗是升还是降，取决于所提供的反馈的放大器的类型。在下一节中，我们将讨论这个问题。

Besides, some problems including the used pit mud type, the change of pit mud in recycling use, and the materials of pit mud fermenter were also investigated in this paper.

同时，对夹泥发酵中所用的窖泥类型、窖泥在循环使用过程中如何变化、夹泥发酵器的材料问题等进行了探讨。

Questions may comprise of multiple choice, True/False, Fill-in and/or essay types.

问题可能包括的选择题，真/假，填写在和/或徵文类型。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。