类型问题

Based on the hypothesis of Brands, this thesis presents two off-line electronic cash system applied to small payment: one is an off-line nondivisible electronic cash system with complete anonymity, and the other is an off-line nondivisible electronic cash'system with repealed anonymity. The two systems can solve the bottleneck problem of bank server. Furthermore, based on the concept of virtual debit as well as the payment demand of pay-per-use electronic commerce and mobile co mmerce, this paper designs a micro-system NPAY, which can solve the problem of extra-consuming, greatly reduce the system communication overhead, and the consumer can anonymously consume.

基于Brands假设，设计了两个适用于小额支付的离线电子现金系统：一个是具有完全匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，另一个是可撤消匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，这两个系统都较好地解决了银行服务器的瓶颈问题；针对即付即用(pay-per-use)类型电子商务和移动商务的支付需求，基于&虚借记&的概念，设计了一个微支付系统NPAY，较好地解决了消费者超额消费问题，系统的通讯开销也大大减少，并且消费者可以匿名消费。

Objective To study the mechanism in which the personality, copying style influenced survival time by changing immunity function in the patients with gastric cancer Methods The Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory, coping style questionnaires and immunity function were measured in patients with gastric cancer on late stage, gastric cancer patients with longer survival time, and normal control Results Psychopathic deviate, social introversion subscale scores of MMPI in groupⅡ were significantly lower than that in the other two groups ( P 05) Statistical difference were found between groupⅠand groupⅡ in problem saving factor and help seeking factor of CSQ ( P 05) Natural killer cell level in groupⅡ was significantly higher than in groupⅠ( P 05) There was negative correlation between the NKC and depression, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia subscale scores of MMPI, there was positive correlation between NKC and SP, coping type in patients with gastric cancer Conclusion The gastric cancer patients with longer survival time are more extroversive and have more mature coping styles Their NKC level is relatively higher The results may be advantageous to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer

作者中文名：王健；邹义壮；唐丽丽；李杰；张东；金山；刘娟摘要：目的研究胃癌患者的生存期与个性特征、应付方式等心理因素，以及免疫功能的关系。方法对胃癌晚期患者、胃癌较长生存期患者及正常健康人分别进行明尼苏达多相个性测验、应对方式问卷、免疫功能测试，并做相关分析。结果(1)MMPI：胃癌Ⅱ组人格障碍评分(42.0±10.5)及社会内向评分(42.2±11.6)，低于其他两组[胃癌Ⅰ组为(49.3±11.2)分和(48.3±9.4)分，对照组为(48.6±10.9)分和(39.9±11.5)分；P均＜0.05]；(2)CSQ：解决问题和求助因子分，胃癌Ⅰ组[分别为(0.68±0.27)分和(0.42±0.18)分]均低于胃癌Ⅱ组[分别为(0.82±0.18)分和(0.65±0.21)分；P＜0.05和P＜0.01]，胃癌Ⅱ组更多采取成熟的应对方式；(3)自然杀伤细胞：胃癌Ⅱ组水平(21.4±9.2)高于胃癌Ⅰ组[(14.2±8.8)；P＜0.05]；而NK细胞水平与MMPI的抑郁(r=-0.35)、人格障碍(r=-0.39)、偏执(r=-0.29)、精神衰弱(r=-0.30)及精神分裂(r=-0.30)等量表呈负相关，与CSQ的解决问题因子(r=0.35)及应付方式类型(r=0.34)呈正相关。结论与胃癌Ⅰ组比较，胃癌Ⅱ组更为外向，负性情绪较少，更多采取成熟的应对方式，其NK细胞水平较高，对胃癌的预后产生了积极的影响。

Our study is based on the Guangzhou city. Based on the domestic and foreign research of village in the city, we analyze the cause of formation of village in the city by suburb urbanization theory, city integration theory, resident environment theory, dual-structure theory and sustainable development theory. Contraposing the type and reconstructional situation of Guangzhou village in the city, we probe into the problems and the necessity of the reconstruction of Guangzhou village in the city. Meanwhile we give out some methods and countermeasures of the reconstruction of village in the city.

本文以广州市为研究区域，在综述国内外对城中村问题研究的基础上，运用郊区城市化理论、城乡一体化理论、人居环境理论、二元结构理论和可持续发展理论，分析城中村形成的原因，针对广州市城中村的类型、改造现状等情况，探讨广州市城中村存在的问题及改造的必要性，并由此提出了城中村改造的思路和对策。

The mother of all Frye hearings took place in San Diego in 1987. At issue was the methodology of pre-DNA blood typing .

1987年，所有参与frye听证会的人士在圣地亚哥召开会议，争议的问题是dna鉴定之前血液类型的方法论问题。

One result of this interpretation is that Frye hearings often last longer than many trials. The mother of all Frye hearings took place in San Diego in 1987. At issue was the methodology of pre-DNA blood typing.

这种解释的一个结果是Frye听证会经常比许多庭审时间还要长。1987年，所有参与Frye听证会的人士在圣地亚哥召开会议，争议的问题是DNA鉴定之前血液类型的方法论问题。

One result of this interpretation is that Frye hearings often last longer than many trials. The mother of all Frye hearings took place in San Diego in 1987. At issue was the methodology of preDNA blood typing.

这种解释的一个结果是Frye听证会经常比许多庭审时间还要长。1987年，所有参与Frye听证会的人士在圣地亚哥召开会议，争议的问题是DNA鉴定之前血液类型的方法论问题。

In order to improve the efficiency, an implementing scheme (according to the distribution of strain energy density) was suggested when to consider the fact that the high gradient usually appears only in a very local region, especially in the case of huge amount of computation. All programming has been finished on the platform of commercial codes Mathmatica and Fortran.4. A number of numerical examples and applications were presented to verify the proposed Bezier-Based Element Method. The engineering cases include: the belt die for diamond synthesize, the main frame of wire-rounded press, the hydraulic cylinder of open die forging press. The numerical results show that the BBEM has some good performances.

通过大量的数值算例来考证所构建的各种类型单元，并应用于人造金刚石年轮模具、钢丝缠绕预应力机架和液压机工作缸等实际问题的结构分析；结果表明：所构建的Bezier耦合单元具有描述较大梯度变化场(如位移场、应力应变场等)的能力，该方法不改变单元的大小和形状，保持单元的自由度数不变，而通过调节中间可动节点的位置改变单元内部的场分布，只需少量单元即可较精确地模拟较大的梯度变化；可为有效求解高梯度问题提供新思路，对实际工程应用具有重要意义。

A number of numerical examples and applications were presented to verify the proposed Bezier-Based Element Method. The engineering cases include: the belt die for diamond synthesize, the main frame of wire-rounded press, the oil cylinder of open die forging press. The numerical results show that the BBEM has some good performances. With few elements, the BBEM can lead to a high accuracy. If using same DOFs, the computing precision of BBEM is remarkable higher than that of the conventional FEM.

通过大量的数值算例来考证所构建的各种类型单元，并应用于人造金刚石年轮模具、钢丝缠绕预应力机架和液压机工作缸等实际问题的结构分析；结果表明：所构建的Bezier耦合单元具有描述较大梯度变化场（如位移场、应力应变场等）的能力，该方法不改变单元的大小和形状，保持单元的自由度数不变，而通过调节中间可动节点的位置改变单元内部的场分布，只需少量单元即可较精确地模拟较大的梯度变化；可为有效求解高梯度问题提供新思路，对实际工程应用具有重要意义。

But many problems still unresolved due to the disaccord of the electrical communication protocols which relevant to the types of ammeters, communication channels, and bring the disadvantage to the electrical charge systems integration, maintenance and upgrading. For solving the interoperation of power communication protocols, DLMS UA proposed a new communication protocol called DLMS /COSEM which world widely used and accepted as international standard by IEC and TC13 in recently years. The research in this area has just begun in China.

但是，这些系统由于选用的电能表型号不同、通信信道类型多种多样，而造成电能表通信协议不统一，给集中抄表带来了系统集成、维护和通信信道维护及升级困难等诸多问题，为了解决电能表通信协议的互操作性问题，DLMS用户协会提出了一种新的通信协议—DLMS／COSEM，目前已由IEC、TC13采纳作为国际标准，近年来在全世界范围得到了应用，我国在这方面的研究刚刚起步。

The first part is an introduction, the main problem is to study and review; the second part is the system"s concept and the inquiry system"s historical evolution: the system"s connotation and the type activities division of letter and visit. The third part is the elementary theory : the system of letter and visit"s basis of the existence of china、the system of letter and visit functionas as well as the positioning function; The fourth part is the difficulies position and the reason analysis of the system of letter and visit under the background of social transformation; The fifth part is the imposible pathes of the rule of law choses in the transition period of letter and visit; the six part is the ending.

第一部分是绪论，主要是问题的提出和研究综述；第二部分是信访制度及其在中国发展的历史回顾：信访的内涵以及信访活动的类型划分、信访制度在中国发展的历史回顾；第三部分是信访制度的基本理论即信访制度在中国存在的基础、信访制度的功能以及功能的定位；在弄清以上两个问题特别是信访制度功能定位的基础上第四部分分析转型时期信访制度所面临的困境以及原因；第五部分是转型时期信访制度法治化的可能路径选择；第六部分是结束语。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了