类型理论

From the aeolotropy of hard rock of tunnel engineering region, the stress distribution of several kinds of fault to the water gushing of tunnel, the type of geology disaster involved in macrocharacter, main control factors, disaster mechanism and control strategy in tunnel excavating are studied systematically in this thesis. The purpose is to establish a theory and technology method for forecast and decrease disaster in tunnel excavating.

本文以硬岩隧道开挖工程区域岩体的各向异性研究为起点，从不同类型断层为主要构造形迹的应力分布特征出发，并结合隧道地下涌水灾害，系统研究隧道开挖的地质灾害类型，以宏观表象、主控因素、灾害机制及防治对策为主要研究内容，全面深入研究旨在为隧道开挖期间防灾、减灾提供理论基础与技术路线。

The basic types of symbol rhetoric methods and the characteristics of each type were introduced based on semiotic theory. The practical applications of rhetorical methods were analyzed with cases. The functions of rhetorical methods in product design were discussed.

从符号学理论的修辞方法出发，详细介绍了符号修辞方法的基本类型以及各类型的特征；通过案例分析符号修辞方法的具体应用，阐述符号修辞方法在产品设计中的作用。

We will further explain in theory the operation mechanism of ideal ego type's embedding in the social capital structural type, and discuss the effect of macro factors that we had not discussed fully in the above.

下面，我们将从理论上进一步解释自我理想类型与社会资本结构类型嵌入的运做机理，并且讨论前面较少提到的宏观因素的影响。

Based on the "Structural Holes" theory and the concept of "Bridge",combined with the characteristics of the sharing, divide the "Bridge" into five types. Discuss the role of the five types in sharing; Based on the results of the UCINET analysis, express the coordination role of coordinator, and give a optimization way of the inside network; Divide the broker into two types, and make a description of the two types' function in details; Integrate the discussion of gate keeper and representative, and descript the different function of them on the same system; Descript the function of the Simmel model,and illustrate the bad effect of the model and give measures to avoid that.

在简述"结构洞"理论和"桥"的概念的基础上，结合科技资源共享的特点，把"桥"划分为5种类型；对不同类型"桥"在共享中的作用进行论述；基于UCINET分析结果说明协调者的协调作用，并提出内部人际网络优化方法；对中介者进行再次分类，并详述两种模式在科技资源共享中的功能实现；将守门人与发言人综合论述，描述在同一个体系下实现两者不同作用；对齐美尔连带的作用进行论述，对其可能产生的负面影响进行说明并给出相应的避免措施。

Petlyuk presents a clear, multidimensional geometric representation of distillation theory valid for all types of distillation column types, splits, and mixtures.

Petlyuk 提出对蒸馏柱子类型的全部类型有效的蒸馏理论的清楚，多面的几何学表现，劈开，以及混合物。

At last, the relations between inhibition efficiency and molecular structure of inhibition of carbon steel in chlorhydric acid by benzene nitriles are studied by constructing the grey inhibition model of the relations between inhibition efficiency and molecular structure of inhibition of carbon steel in chlorhydric acid by benzene nitriles.

通过对2—苯基丁腈缓蚀性能的理论预测和试验验证，认为利用某一类苯腈类化合物的缓蚀性能与分子结构关系，从理论上预测同类型苯腈类化合物的缓蚀性能是可能和合理的。灰色理论研究结果表明，苯腈类化合物在盐酸溶液中对碳钢缓蚀的缓蚀性能与分子结构参数的关系，可用GM（0，3）模型描述。

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

At the same time, the comprehension of its connotation is depended by expounding its types and features.

论文第一部分，以创新的涵义为切入点，从内容与形式、认识与实践的维度对理论创新的内涵进行了比较系统的阐发，同时，阐述了理论创新的类型与特征，深化了对理论创新内涵的理解。

Based on a thorough analysis of the character and mechanism of city-retaining-wall structures, the design theories, construction technology, new wall types and development tendency are deeply discussed. Besides, the characteristics of various types of city retaining wall are discussed, and the usual methods for earth pressure calculation are summarized. For the anchored bar retaining wall, the anti-pulling bearing mechanism of anchored bar is first probed into, from which anti-pullforce computation method are obtained. Combined with quite a few engineering examples and spot tests, the advised design and calculation methods of anchored bar are verified. From the abundant spot measured date, an adjusted hyperbolic model is put forward to determine the anti-pullforce bearing capacity. Furthermore, a new type of H-like block retaining structure is advised with its working mechanism deeply discussed as well.

本文在综合分析目前常用城市挡土结构的特点及其受力特性等基础上，针对一般挡土墙设计理论、施工技术、新型结构以及未来的发展趋势进行了深入探讨，论述了城市挡土结构的特点，并对常用土压力理论进行了综述，介绍了城市挡土墙常见的类型，并介绍了常规的设计理论和方法；通过分析比较，优选出锚杆挡土结构和砌块式挡土结构，并从锚杆锚固原理出发，结合工程实践和大量现场试验、对锚杆的抗拔承载力进行了深入研究，提出了用调整双曲线模型法计算锚杆抗拔承载力的方法，对土压力计算方法进行了探讨，对其设计计算方法进行了研究。

The article introduces classification theory, concept, types of classification schemes and schemes of classification theory, that include three types: hierarchical classification, for example Dewey Decimal Classification; enumerate classification, for example Library of Congress of Classification

本文旨在介绍分类理论、分类法术语与概念、分类表的类型，各分类表的分类理论，并从三种不同型式，包括：阶层式的杜威十进分类法；列举式的美国国会分类法；层面式的国际十进分类法、书目分类法、冒号分类法，并预测未来分类理论及分类法的发展与趋势。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。