类型理论

As speech act theory is a very important one in linguistics, this paper employs it to sort out the seven types of battled information flow between the participants of a speech, the related three speech strategies and the relationships between the roles of the participants and the bafflement of information flow.

言语行为理论是语言学重要的理论之一，本文利用言语行为理论梳理了法庭言语主要参与者的信息流动受阻的七大类型，分析了信息受阻所涉及的三大话语策略及其与参与者的角色关系。

As speech act theory is a very important one in linguistics, this paper employs it to sort out the seven types of battled information flow between the participantsof a speech, the related three speech strategies and the relationships between the roles of the participants and the bafflement of information flow.

言语行为理论是语言学重要的理论之一，本文利用言语行为理论梳理了法庭言语主要参与者的信息流动受阻的七大类型，分析了信息受阻所涉及的三大话语策略及其与参与者的角色关系。

Part One is an introduction focusing on the background,the significance and the purpose of the present study.Part two provides a brief overview of a theoretical review on the nature of reading process,a brief review of 3 traditional methods of teaching in reading and research on TBLT in china and abroad.Part three introduces Constructivism,Krashen"s "Input and Interactionist Hypothesis" and The affective filter hypothesis,which construct a theoretical frame for the study.Part four provides the application of TBLT to teaching reading in senior middle school,mainly including fundamental principles,types of the reading task design and finally introducing the design of TBLT models in senior high school according to Willis"task-implementing model in teaching.Part five elaborates the experiment itself,mainly including the hypothesis of the present study,the procedures of the experiments and questionnaires.Part six is data collection and analyses.The result of the experiment shows that TBLT is more effective than traditional method in senior middle school English reading.Part seven draws a conclusion to the study.Implications as well as limitations are discussed here.

陈述了目前研究的背景，意义和目的；第二部分为文献综述，介绍三种阅读模式，以往阅读课所用的传统教法及其局限性；任务的定义，国内外对任务型教学的研究；第三部分为任务型教学的理论基础，介绍了构建主义理论，克拉申的输入假设理论，情感过滤假设；第四部分探讨了任务型教学在高中英语阅读教学的具体应用，包括阅读课设计的原则，类型，以及根据Willis的教学模式所设计的高中英语阅读教学模式；第五部分为实验部分，包括本研究的假设、实验方法、实验过程、测量工具等；第六部分数据收集和分析，结果表明：任务型教学提高英语阅读教学成绩比传统的教法有效；第七部分是本研究的结论，本研究对外语阅读教学的启示及本研究的局限性。

Through the comparison between R. M. Hare's ethic deductive theory and the two versions of rational prescriber's theory, the writer finds that utilitarianism can be derived from a theory of the type of rational choice only if the hypothesis is held that the chooser is in all parties' places with equal probability.

通过比较黑尔的道德推理理论和两个版本的理性立约者理论，可以发现，理性选择论类型的理论，如果要导出功利主义的结论，都需要假定选择者以相等的概率处于有关各方的地位上。

This paper adopts the method of the combination of theoretics and experiment. It guides the experiment by academic analysis. On the contrary, results of the experiment can verify the correctness of the theoretics. It has provided the foundation for the conformation design of the connection area between arch rib in the side and rigid tie bar of the Xinguang bridge and its conclusions can also provide references for the design of other same type bridges.

本文采取理论分析与试验研究相结合的方法，通过理论分析指导试验研究，反过来用试验研究验证理论分析，为新光大桥边跨钢拱肋与刚性系杆连接区域构造设计的完善提供了依据，其结论也可供其它同类型桥梁结构的设计研究提供借鉴。

Land use type is the outcome of duple influence of nature and human activity, which possessing scrambling, relative instability and complexity, and it can be discussed by fractal theory. Application of fractal theory in land use structure involve in the calculation of fractal dimension of land use type, research method and fractal description of change of land use structure, fractal model of region landscape and so on, but fractal mechanism of spatial diversity of land use type is rarely reported.

土地利用类型是一种在自然和人类活动双重作用下的产物，具有不规则、相对不稳定性和复杂性特征，可以利用分形方法进行探讨；分形理论在土地结构研究中的应用涉及土地利用类型分数维的计算、土地利用结构分形研究方法、土地利用结构及其动态变化的分形描述、区域景观结构的分形模型等方面；但土地利用类型的分形机制的空间差异研究少见报道。

Based on lots of achievements of predecessors, directed by reservoir sedimentology, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology, taking full advantage of loggin, core and thin section data from different wells, this paper has taken detailed study on the Upper Paleozoic strata in Tabamiao area.

本论文在众多前人研究成果的基础上，以储层沉积学，及高分辨率层序地层学、石油地质学等理论为指导，充分利用测井、钻井岩芯、薄片鉴定等资料，针对塔巴庙地区上古生界沉积相及沉积微相类型与展布，高分辨率层序地层特征与层序—岩相古地理演化，成岩作用类型与序列，孔隙类型与特征，以及储层物性特征与分布规律等方面展开了系统深入研究，最后对有利区带进行了预测。

Here we clarify that areal-type of a genus is defined by concluding distributions of all species in the genus, therefore specific distribution types are not the same as their generic areal-types except monotypic genera. Similarities of composition of areal-types between compared regional floras do not necessarily represent their floristic similarities because the same generic areal-type can be composed by different genera from different plant families.

根据植物区系学理论，属的分布区是该属内所有物种的分布区的集合，除单种属外，不能直接套用属分布区类型作为该属内各个种的分布区类型；亲缘关系疏远的不同植物属可以有同样的分布区类型，若把不同地区植物区系各地理成分的比例关系的类似性解读成各地区间植物区系的亲缘关系，显然是不适合的。

The content of each part follow as: In the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study ofdefinition characteristic of NO, and the existing base of NO-E-Commerceenvironment; In the second one, this part studies the theory base of NO comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost; Chapter three studies the NO from the coordination of NO, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of NO firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of Virtual Enterprise Cluster; Based on such conclusion, studies the model of NO from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode; In Chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling NO with game theory and graphic theory; In the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of NO operational risks, coordination mechanism of NO was studied by individually modeling the NO without core and NO with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of NO; As an important component of coordination mechanism of NO, Chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in NO, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of NO for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in NO were given; The last chapter applied theconclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade Web-SUNBU.

全文共分为七章，主要内容如下：第一章作为全文的理论出发点和基础，围绕网络组织的定义、特征以及网络组织生存基础--电子商务环境等方面对网络组织的基本概念进行了阐述；第二章综合运用核心能力、竞争战略和交易费用理论对网络组织产生的理论基础进行阐述；第三章首先从组织协调的角度对网络组织进行了研究，给出了网络组织的结构，分类和特征，同时并给出了虚拟企业群簇；然后在此基础上分别研究了网络组织的生命周期模型、层次模型、过程模型、价值链模型，以及运行模式；第四章综合运用博弈论、图论的相关知识，通过构建网络组织的模型，对上一章所研究的网络组织结构的形成机理给出了一种理论解释；第五章在分析网络组织运行风险的基础上，分别建立无盟主网络组织的博弈论模型和有盟主网络组织的博弈论模型，详细研究了网络组织的协调机制，然后给出了网络组织协调机制的解决方案；第六章作为网络组织协调机制的重要组成部分，本章在讨论了网络组织中建立信任机制的必要性的基础上，研究了网络组织信任关系的类型，提出了在网络组织中如何建立信任机制。

The classical Roman law established an obligatio - contractus system with formalism and numerus clausus as the key features of contract; the medieval glossators accepted this model and redefined the contract with the doctrine of causa; the French law family continued this tradition and made the doctrine of causa the...

古典罗马法以形式主义和类型法定为契约概念的特质，构建了债一契约的制度模式；中世纪注释法学家遵循这一模式，以原因理论重构了合同的概念，这一传统为法国法系继受，使原因理论成为破译其合同概念及相关制度设计的密码；在德国，自然法理论、理性法学和历史法学结亲，以法律行为理论重组合同的要素，使其含义在历史上再一次发生根本性断裂；20世纪以后，制度的变迁又催生了新的合同说明模式。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。