类型理论

This study analysised the condition of Xinjiang's petroleum resource and made an evaluation and it points out that the development of petroleum and natural gas of Xinjiang is still in the developing period in which it aims at discovering the petrol field and increasing its reserves.Although it has a great exploring potential,because of its geograghy limitation and a lack of exploring funds,the exploring level is till low,even lower than the everage level of the whole country. The study is based on theories of industry distributions,its concentration,macroscopic analysis,government regulations and continuing development.From microcosmic and macroscopic aspects,it scientifically and systematically analyses the problems in the development of petroleum industry in Xinjiang.It points that the developments of middle and upper reaches lack a balance and have no rational industry structures.So it is hard to form an integral industry chains.Moreover,the upper reach covers a too much large proportion in the development,so it can not give a strong impetus to other industries.Based it,the paper points the industrial concentration of Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be enhanced and Input to Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be increased.Due to a lack of an established fair and competitive market and government's perfect laws and regulations on petroleum industry,it points that the phenomenon of mixed operation has become common in monolopied business and competitive business,so the systems of petroleum industry needs to be restructured.It states clearly that the country should take the development and benefits of Xinjiang's economy into consideration when making strategies for petroleum development .Besides,the allocation of profits between the center and the local should be well arranged so that we can guarantee the profits of Xinjiang ,considered as a resource area.It also reveals that we should not only overcome limitations of resources,environment,economy and technology on continuring development,but also we should deal with some realistic problems well.For instance,contradictions between the concept of limited resource and continuing development,the relationship between petroleum industry's own features and continuing development,the contradictions between the limits on supply of petroleum and the need of future development of continuing resource ,outdated petroleum technology and the need of advanced technology for continuing development,tremendous damages to environment and requirements of environment protection for continuing development and Xinjiang continuing economic development,outdated policy of industry and continuing development,the relationship between continuing development of Xinjiang petroleum industry and continuing economic development of Xinjiang.

本研究以产业布局理论、产业集中度理论、灰关联分析理论、政府规制理论、可持续发展理论为依据，从微观、宏观两个层面，科学、系统、全面地分析新疆石油产业的发展问题，指出：新疆石油天然气目前仍处于油气田发现和增储的主要发展阶段，开发潜力巨大，但由于地质原因及勘探投入的不足，石油天然气探明程度偏低，低于全国平均水平；新疆石油产业产业结构布局不合理、上中下游发展不平衡，难以形成完整的产业链条，对工业的带动力与其本身具有的经济总量很不匹配；新疆石油开采业和石油加工业属于高度寡头垄断的市场类型，新疆石油化工业属于竞争型的市场结构，要想石油产业对新疆经济有较强的带动作用，新疆石油化工业必须上升到一定的层次和规模，在提高规模的基础上，提高新疆化工业的产业集中度；新疆石油加工业和化工业与农业呈现较高的关联度，加大对石油加工业和化工业的投入，对新疆经济的协调发展有着深远的影响；政府要从石油产业本质特征和发展趋势为着眼点，实施规制改革，分开政府规制政策的制定部门和监管部门职能，建立健全石油产业法律法规体系，对垄断性业务和竞争性业务实施分类规制；国家石油发展战略的制定应兼顾新疆区域经济的发展和利益，应切实处理好新疆与中央的利益分配，切实保证新疆作为资源产区合理的资源收益；新疆石油产业要想得以可持续发展，不仅要克服影响可持续发展的资源、环境、经济和技术等客观因素，还要处理好观念、需求、政策等诸多主观因素。

The connotations and types of bushiness incubator and distinguishes from sci-tech park were introduced. The origin, function, operational mechanism, developmental modes and other literatures were reviewed. The basic theories of business incubator were also reviewed, that is, specialization and division theory, transaction cost theory, entrepreneurship theory, industry agglomeration theory and enterprice life cycle theory.

介绍企业孵化器的内涵与类型，企业孵化器与科技园区的区别；对国内外企业孵化器的起源、作用、运行机制、发展模式及相关研究进行综述；综述了企业孵化器运行与发展的基础理论，即专业化与分工理论、交易费用理论、创业理论、产业集聚理论和企业生命周期理论。

We based the development and analysis of heat essence on all kinds of cognitive types and used code system of material corpuscle theory to distinguish, code, classify and order examinate's cognitive types, shown on the quantity and quality data. We also used SPSS statistics software to analyze examinate's cognitive types and their variable frequency distribution and the variation of the different grades.

我们以热本质之各种认知类型的历史发展、分析及物质微粒理论的编码系统为主要参考依据，来识别、编码、分类、排序受测者在施测工具之量性及质性资料中所呈现出来的各种既有的认知类型，并利用SPSS统计套装软体来分析受测者各主要认知类型的频率分布及随年级变化的情形。

In Chapter Three, functionalist approaches, employed as the theoretical foundation of the present research, is analyzed in detail.

第三章详细地分析了研究的理论基础—德国功能翻译理论，其中包括赖斯的文本类型说、曼塔里的翻译行为理论、弗米尔的目的论和诺德的功能加忠诚理论。

Though the analysis of these theories, it can be sum up in three types, theories based on form order, systematology, and complicated systematology.

通过对这些理论的梳理和分析，可以归为三种基本类型，即基于形体秩序的城市建筑理论，基于一般系统论的城市建筑理论，以及基于复杂系统论的城市建筑理论。

In the aspect of the Philosophy of Language, Montague Grammar inherited Frege's theory of meaning, Russell's theory of reference, Carnap's theory of verification, Goodman's Modern Realism, Tarski's theory of truth, Kripke's semantics of possible worlds of modal logic, etc, and opens up a new direction in the study of Formal Semantics of natural language; in the aspect of Theoretic Linguistics, Montague was influenced by Chomsky's research idea about the formal treatment of the syntax in natural language and extended it to the semantic study of natural language; Montague Grammar has two theoretic sources: One is the Logical Semantics and Intensional Type Theory in Logic, and the other is Categorial Grammar and Transformative Generative Grammar in Linguistics.

在语言哲学方面它继承了弗雷格的意义论，罗素的指称论，卡尔纳曾的实证主义，古德曼的现代实在论，塔斯基的语义学真理论，克里普克的模态逻辑可能世界语义学的传统，开辟了自然语言形式语义学研究的新方向；在理论语言学方面，他受乔姆斯基形式化语言研究思想的影响，并把这一思想扩展到自然语言的语义研究方面；蒙太格语法的理论来源有两个方面：逻辑方面是逻辑语义学思想和内涵类型论理论，语言学方面是范畴语法和转换生成语法。

The development of the forecast models shows that the foreign forecast models evolved from monocyclic ones to multi-cyclic ones emphasized the models'vertical development,whereas Chinese models such as the Weng's model and many others emphasized their horizontal development.

摘要追溯了石油峰值理论的起源，对国内外一系列关于石油峰值理论模型的定量研究表明，石油峰值理论模型大体有3种类型：①基于生命有限体系的生命模型；②基于概率论和统计学理论的随机模型；③基于生产实践和理论推理的广义数学模型。

This article first analyze the general theory of legal responsibiltiy from nomological aspect, build the basic frame of economic law "responsibility theory" based on law responsibility. Through expatiating the concept、character、element and type of economic law responsibility, the article aims to break the sorting limit of traditional "responsibilty theory" and show the speciality of economic law responsibility. Through analyzing two theories of economic law responsibility deeply, it provides theory security for the independence of economic law responsibility. It further shows that establishing the independence of economic law responsibility is the requirement of economic law's development and improvement, is the requirement of adapting the new situation and regulating market economy system, is the foundation of buliding commonweal litigation system and punishing the illegal body.

本文首先从法理的角度分析了法律责任的一般理论，并以法律责任为剖析原型构建经济法责任理论的基本框架，通过对经济法责任的概念、特征、构成要素及类型的具体阐述，力图打破传统责任理论划分的局限性，以求凸现经济法责任的独特性；通过对经济法责任的两大理论基础的深入分析，为经济法责任的独立性提供理论保障；进而表明确立经济法责任的独立地位是经济法发展和完善的要求，是适应新形式、规范市场经济秩序的需要，是建立经济公益诉讼机制、有效追究经济违法主体责任的前提和基础。

Our study is based on the Guangzhou city. Based on the domestic and foreign research of village in the city, we analyze the cause of formation of village in the city by suburb urbanization theory, city integration theory, resident environment theory, dual-structure theory and sustainable development theory. Contraposing the type and reconstructional situation of Guangzhou village in the city, we probe into the problems and the necessity of the reconstruction of Guangzhou village in the city. Meanwhile we give out some methods and countermeasures of the reconstruction of village in the city.

本文以广州市为研究区域，在综述国内外对城中村问题研究的基础上，运用郊区城市化理论、城乡一体化理论、人居环境理论、二元结构理论和可持续发展理论，分析城中村形成的原因，针对广州市城中村的类型、改造现状等情况，探讨广州市城中村存在的问题及改造的必要性，并由此提出了城中村改造的思路和对策。

A supercritical heat-supply unit with a double reheat employs steam extraction from a low-pressure turbine cylinder for supplying process heat.

针对二次再热超临界供热机组采用低压缸分缸抽汽供热的特点，利用等效热降理论，进行分析与数学推导，得出了该类型机组抽汽等效热降和抽汽效率的计算方法，形成该类型机组的经济性定量分析数学模型，从而将等效热降理论的应用范围拓展到二次再热供热机组。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。