类型理论

The paper starts as clarification of the theoretical origin of Treaty Fault Responsibility and distinguishes the type, pre-condition and application of the treaty fault responsibility from those of Contract Infringement, Tort Responsibility and Concurrency, discusses and analyzes a series of potential problems when Treaty Fault Responsibility is realized in practice, finally comments on and provides some advice on the relative legislation issues of our country in this field.

本文拟从廓清缔约过失责任的理论基础着手，对我国缔约过失责任的类型、适用条件、表现形式、与违约责任的区别、与侵权责任的区别及竞合等理论，以及实践中产生的一些问题作一反思及研讨，并对我国的相关立法进行评介并提出完善意见。

Symbolic interactionism ( Chapter 8 ), certain rule using theories ( Chapter 9 ), and theories or the social construction of reality ( Chapter 9) illustrate this genre.

符号互动论（第8章），某些规则，使用的理论（第9章），和理论或社会建设的现实（第9章）说明了这一类型。

And then studies on the relevant theories of distribution centers to let everyone know comprehensively, including the concept of logistics and distribution, the concept and development process of distribution center, the classification and function of distribution center, as well as its role. Lately it gives detailed description on the relevant theories of location selection, including the principle and influencing factors of location selection, as well as the steps and general methods of location selection. Finally the paper sums up several methods commonly used at present.

更多配送的概念、配送中心的概念及发展过程、配送中心的分类、功能及其作用；然后研究了配送中心选址的相关理论，包括配送中心的选址原则、影响因素、选址步骤以及配送中心选址的一般方法等部分；最后总结了目前几种常用的选址方法，并在这些理论的基础上，建立了非线性混合0-1规划类型的多配送中心选址模型。

The critical point means such a state that all the differences between gas and liquid disappear completely,being a most important parameter of dividing the types of fluid and being widely verified in both theory and practice.Currently,four methods of determining critical point are summarized as follows:①laboratory measurement through examining critical opalescence or recording the bubble point and dew point curves;②empiric relation;③calculation of the bubble point and dew point curves by PVT software;and ④ direct calculation according to thermodynamic theories.

随后对临界点进行确定，临界点是气液一切性质差异均消失的状态，是区分流体类型最重要的参数，并得到了理论和工程应用的广泛验证，目前确定临界点大致有四种方法：①实验测定，通过观察临界乳光现象或记录流体的泡点和露点线；②经验关系式；③通过PVT软件计算流体的泡点和露点线；④利用热力学理论直接计算。

This paper (from 4-6) analyzes the fundamental theories and the civil characteristics of analogical reasoning, restrictive /extensive interpretation of purposiveness and legal fiction in details, simultaneously, it analyzes the multiple framework of compensating for legal loopholes with civil norms in the process of all kinds of concrete methods of the loophole-filling by examples, more importantly, under the multiple framework\'s guidance, it tries its best to construct the process of compensating for legal loopholes with civil norms in the process of all kinds of concrete methods of the loophole -filling.

上述三个方面，特别是第二、三个方面共同构成了论文分述具体漏洞补充方法与民间规范关联性的理论基础。论文详细地分析了类推适用、目的性限缩、目的性扩张和法律拟制等具体漏洞补充方法的基本理论问题、民间法性和在各种具体漏洞补充方法中以各种类型的民间规范填补法律漏洞的法社会学——规范实证的复合分析过程。更为重要的是，以上述复合的分析框架为指导，在判例阅读基础上，本文力图建构出这一过程具体的、真实的面向来。

Secondly, relations between the structuralism and physics teaching illustrate that the physics history can play the role of "advanced organizer" in improving the transfer ability. Moreover, the theory of recapitulation of physics announces the inherent similarity between the process of physics research and the process of physics conception learning. According to constructivist learning theories, the dissertation explains the process of students' learning the scientific concepts.

首先论文通过分析比较皮亚杰认知发展论和库恩科学发展论得出教育实践应与科学发展规律保持一致，应重视物理学史在物理教学中的应用，对于不同认知水平的学生和不同类型的知识应采用不同的教学方法：其次从结构主义与物理教学的关系说明物理学史在提高迁移能力上可以扮演"先行组织者"的角色；再次，通过物理文化重演理论揭示人类研究物理学的过程与学生学习物理概念的过程的内在相似性，并根据建构主义学习理论解释学生学习科学概念的过程。

This paper have a discussion on the theory about recommender system base on collaborative filtering technology, and the use in engineering applications, and deficiencies and difficulties of this system.

论文论述了基于协作过滤技术的个性化推荐系统有关理论和此理论在工程上的应用，以及此种类型系统存在的不足和困境。

The general objective of the thesis is to develop a language-based foundational theory of security for mobile and distributed systems, and this thesis focus on the following four interrelated aspects. Firstly, aiming at the access control, a type system with security levels is proposed and the Subject Reduction Theorem under labelled transition system is proved.

针对安全模型面临的困难与挑战，本研究从分析移动系统安全的实质出发，对系统安全进行高度的抽象，使用π-演算及其类型系统为理论工具为分布式系统安全建模，提出对安全模型的定义、规范、分析与实现都借助程序语言的理论、技术与方法的一体化路线，研究基于程序设计语言的安全模型。

The whole thesis is divided into nine chapters, its first six chapters focus on the analyses of terrorism, then the last three chapters turn to studying a new thinking of international cooperation against terrorism On the analyses of the part of terrorism with the first three chapters, I define terrorism as follows: Terrorism is a kind of action or thought in which it is the intentional use of, or threat to use ruleless violence or technical methods against civilians or against civilian targets, in order to attain political aims. What differs from other scholars' definitions is that the definition proposed states that terrorism is not only a political violence, but also a social trend of thought.

在前六章的对"恐怖主义"的分析上，本文提出了有别于他人的恐怖主义定义："使用或主张使用无规则的暴力或技术手段，或是袭击平民和或是袭击公用设施，以图达到政治目的的一种行为与社会思潮"，认定恐怖主义不仅是一种政治暴力行为，更是一种社会思潮；还对自杀性恐怖主义、恐怖主义的类型和划分、恐怖主义的历史与发展历程、恐怖主义形成的机理及理论解释等论题进行了较系统的理论探索，分析了伊斯兰原教旨主义与恐怖主义的关系；而且，还根据论文作者本人在国外调研掌握到的大量翔实的第一手资料，揭示了境外"东突"恐怖分子是"国际恐怖主义的一部分"的本来面目，并分析和预测了它们未来的发展趋势，提出了中国反对东突恐怖势力的若干建议。

So, researching the influence to reflection wave features made by the factors, such as sand and mud thin-bedding seismic reflection feature, the thickness of single layer in the thin-bedding group, the thickness of subroutine structure, the number of layers in the thin-bedding group, type of incident wavelet, main frequency, sampling rated has the moment current significance and theoretical significance in the qualitative or quantitative seeking of single layer's thickness or thin layer group's thickness in the thin-bedding and forecast of the space distribution laws of thin reservoirs.

目前我国东部的石油勘探工作已进入精细勘探阶段，如何确定陆相地层中薄储层的空间展布规律及其性质已成为一个亟待解决的问题，由于我国东部的绝大多数中、新生代陆相含油盆地大都以薄层砂、泥岩沉积为主，夹有少量薄层碳酸盐岩、页岩及膏盐层，地层岩性和厚度横向变化均较大，而且这些地层的厚度远远低于常规地震勘探的垂向分辨率，因此，从理论上研究沙泥岩薄互层地震反射特征、薄互层组内的单层厚度、子结构厚度、互层组内层数、入射子波类型、主频、采样率等各种因素对反射波特征的影响，将对我们定性或定量求取薄互层组中各单层厚度或薄层组的厚度、预测薄储层的空间展布规律有一定的理论和现实意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。