簇

It was found that the competition between cluster-cluster and cluster-surface interaction strongly affects the chemisorption configuration, and thus the film morphology.

发现团簇-团簇相互作用与团簇-表面相互作用的竞争显著地影响团簇在表面上的化学吸附组态，从而影响薄膜的结构。

This article discusses two types of clustered network topology: homogeny cluster head hierarchical topology and heterogeneous cluster head hierarchical topology.

本文讨论了两种拓扑结构：簇头异构的分簇式网络拓扑结构和簇头同构的分簇式网络拓扑结构。

The equilibrium structure of the ionic cluster is very different in geometry from that of the neutral cluster.The results also revealed the significant difference between the two kinds of fragment ions and the corresponding neutral cluster.

研究结果表明：中性团簇最稳定构型为R－HNH2－HNH2(R∶1，4-二氧六环)，离子团簇由于发生质子转移，其构型与中性团簇有较大的不同，两类碎片离子R(NH3)＋和R(NH3)H＋与中性团簇R(NH3)的结构也有所不同。

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

It was found:(1) the stability of the clusters increased with the bond number in the clusters;(2) the clusters with three dimensional geometry are more stable than ones with two decisional geometry;(3) the ionic potential of the clusters in gas phase and on the surface of the silver bromide grains are all positive, and the electron affinity are all negative.

结果表明；气相中团簇的稳定性随团簇中键数的增加而升高，三维构型的稳定性大于二维构型的稳定性；气相中Ag〓团簇的电离能都大于零，电子亲和势都小于零；溴化银颗粒表面的Ag〓团簇的电离势也是大于零，电子亲和势也是小于零。

Based on the above-mentioned, two kinds of target glycoclusters with different glycoterminus, flexible linkers and different scaffolds were designed, disaccharide glycocluster (including TM1-TM7) and trisaccharide glycocluster (TM8-TM9) respectively, with the purpose of obtaining glycoclusters with high binding affinity to anti-Gal antibody and thus better inhibiting the HAR.

基于上述，针对HAR产生的机制，以人体中天然存在的anti-α-Gal抗体及B细胞表面的相应受体为靶点，以α-Gal抗原末端的二糖Galα1→3Gal和三糖Galα1→3Galβ1-4GluNAc片段为糖基部分，采用柔性的连接臂（氨基保护的2-乙醇胺和3-巯基丙酸）和刚性的芳香骨架及柔性的脂肪链骨架，设计了两类结构新颖的糖簇分子：即氧苷和硫苷键连接的二糖糖簇TM1-TM7）和三糖糖簇（TM8-TM9），目的在于寻找与anti-Gal抗体及B细胞相应受体有较高结合力的糖簇分子，以便有效地抑制HAR反应的发生。

Two major pathways exist in the reactions of Cu〓, Ag〓, Au〓 with ethanethiol clusters, one producing 〓 and the other forming〓.

实验观察到Cu〓、Ag〓、Au〓能结合的乙硫醇数目依次为1～10、1～4、1～2，说明它们与乙硫醇团簇的反应活性逐渐减小；它们与乙硫醇的反应都生成了〓，n的大小按Cu〓、Ag〓、Au〓的顺序逐渐增大，由此推测Cu〓与乙硫醇团簇反应时生成〓为主要反应通道，Au〓与乙硫醇团簇反应时生成〓为主要通道，这两种通道并存于Ag〓与乙硫醇团簇的反应中。

The proper hydrophobicity of SEPs was proposed to be an essential factor for the formation of honeycomb films, and large-sized SEPs are favorable for the fabrication of highly ordered honeycomb structures.

主要包括以下三部分内容：(1)我们利用表面活性剂替代多金属氧簇表面的抗衡离子得到表面活性剂包覆的多金属氧簇复合物，进而利用水滴模板法制备了基于多金属氧簇的多孔膜，并证实这种方法对于常见的多金属氧簇都是适用的。

For the calculations of Mon (n= 2-55) clusters, the linear and planar clusters have a strong tendency to form diatomic pairs to assemble short-long bonds alternation structures which makes them like non-metallic clusters, the short bonds are characterized as covalent non-metallic bonds and the long ones are much like weak metal bonds.

本文首先计算了各种不同结构的Mon（n=2-55）原子簇，发现一维和二维Mo原子簇表现出了一定的非金属原子簇的性质，簇中原子有明显的成双原子对趋势，致使原子簇具有短-长键交替的几何结构，短键和长键分别呈现强共价键和弱金属键的特性。

The electronic structures of cluster Fe8 with D6h symmetry and Fe15 with Oh sysmmetry have been studied by MS-X method..The results show that(1 the exchange splittings of the d-band and the magnetic moments of the Fe-atoms are different in the two clusters;(2)the change distribution in both clusters is not uniform,showing that the electrons are transferred from peripheral atoms to inner atoms,and the spin-directionof the electrons transferred is in accordance with the symmetric characteristics...

用MS-Xα方法研究了Fe8原子簇（具有D6h对称）和Fe15原子簇的电子结构，结果表明：（1）两种原子簇中的Fe原子磁矩及其d能带中的交换劈裂性质互不相同；（2）两类原子簇中的电荷分布不是均匀的，电荷倾向于从外围原子向内部原子上转移，并且被转移电子的自旋方向与原子簇的对称性质密切相关。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。