簇

Large rare gas clusters of Ar〓, Kr〓, and Xe〓 and hydrogen clusters were produced in the process of supersonic adiabatic expansion. Rayleigh scattering method is used to diagnose the cluster size.

大尺寸惰性气体原子团簇和氢分子团簇喷流的制备和诊断利用高背压惰性气体和高背压低温氢气经锥形喷嘴向真空超声绝热膨胀来产生团簇，用Rayleigh散射方法诊断团簇尺寸及团簇喷流的时间特性。

Based on Phylogenetic analysis of sequences from these 10 phytoplasmas using PAUP (phylogenetic analysis using parsimony) software, these phytoplasmas could be classified into five groups. These phytoplasmas groups and strains were: group 1, sweetpotato witches' broom, mainland China strain of sweetpotato witches' broom, peanut witches' broom and Ipomoea obscura witches' broom; group 2, loofah witches' broom; group 3, elm yellows; group 4, rice yellow dwarf and sugarcane white leaf disease; group 5, New Jersey strain of aster yellows and western strain of aster yellows.

从spacer序列堆衍的亲缘演化树显示这10种植物菌质体可分为5群：第一群，甘薯簇叶病、甘薯簇叶病、花生簇叶病及细花牵牛簇叶病等菌质体；第二群，丝瓜簇叶病菌质体；第三群，榆树黄化病菌质体；第四群，水稻黄萎病及甘蔗白叶病菌质体；第五群，翠菊黄化病菌质体。

MEFP periodically selects cluster heads according to the node residual energy,incurs low message overhead,achieves fairly uniform cluster head distribution across the network,and the regular node joins the cluster which has the minimal energy-forward among cluster heads,this tactic can avoid forwarding sensing information circuitously.

提出了一种转发能量最小的无线传感拓扑算法MEFP（Minimal Energy-Forward Protocol），算法减少成簇的通信开销，在网络中簇半径区域内仅产生一个簇头，保证了分簇的均匀；在普通节点加入簇的过程中，选择转发功耗最小的簇头加入，避免迂回发送数据，降低了能量消耗。

These clusters in the file allocation table in FAT cluster做上bad marks, so that it will not be covered by the permanent presence in the disk (the disk has been used in the cluster must be FAT file allocation table上簇do the tags, otherwise they will be other documents were covered by the use of).

这些簇在文件分配表FAT中做上坏簇的标记，使其不被覆盖而永久地驻留在磁盘中（磁盘已使用的簇必须在文件分配表FAT中做上簇的标记，否则会因其它文件的使用而被覆盖）。

The method of self-consistent field of the intermediate neglect of differential overlaphas been used in the calculations of the binuclear cluster, trinuclear unit of hexanuclear clusterand octanuclear clusters. The results are described as follows: The high-lying MO's of thetrinunclear and binuclear cluster are mostly composed of d-orbitals of the metal cores, and areconsidered as M-M bonding orbitals.

应用INDO／S方法对二核簇合物、六核簇合物中的三核片断和八核簇合物进行了计算，结果表明，二核簇合物与三核簇合物的前线占有轨道主要是由金属簇芯的d轨道组成，是M-M成键轨道。

In fact, it was proved by Pastijn that the idempotent semirings for whichis a congruence form a proper subvariety of the variety of all id empotent semirings. Also the defining equations were given with three free var iables of this variety.

Pastijin证明了：是S上的同余的幂等元半环S的全体构成了幂等元半环簇的一个子簇，进一步还给出了这个子簇的含有3个变量的簇等式组，当时不知道这个子簇是否有两个变量的簇等式组。

The calculated results show: the ground state structures of PtNi5, Pt2Ni4 and Pt3Ni3 clusters are quadrangular bi-pyramid, and Pt4Ni2 and Pt5Ni clusters are triangular bi-pyramid with hat and triangular pyramid with quadrilateral, respectively. From the point of view of thermodynamics, PtnNim clusters are stable because of the negative enthalpy of formation; the positive NICS of PtNi5 clusters show anti-aromaticity, The negative NICS of Pt2Ni4 and Pt5Ni clusters show aromaticity. The number of the IR absorption peak of Pt3Ni3 is the most. The IR and raman absorption peak of PtNi5 , IR of Pt2Ni4, Raman of Pt3Ni3 and Pt4Ni2 have only one. The absorption peak of Pt5Ni appears in the bigger frequencies only, and is zero almost in the small frequencies.

研究结果表明：PtNi5、、Pt2Ni4、Pt3Ni3团簇的基态结构都为四角双锥结构，Pt4Ni2 和Pt5Ni团簇的基态结构分别是戴帽三角双锥和三角锥戴四边形结构；PtnNim团簇的生成焓都为负值，表明团簇在热力学上是稳定的；由NICS值可得，PtNi5团簇具有反芳香性，Pt2Ni4和Pt5Ni团簇具有芳香性；从光谱分析来看，Pt3Ni3团簇的IR较强吸收峰的个数最多，PtNi5团簇的IR和Raman、Pt2Ni4团簇的IR、Pt3Ni3和Pt4Ni2团簇的Raman只有一个强吸收峰值，Pt5Ni团簇的峰值只出现在频率较大的位置，频率小的位置几乎为零。

These compounds are of substantial interest both inviewpoints of theory and practical applications, mainlyunder the stimulus to achieve synthetic models either foractive sites of iron-sulfur proteins or for transitionmetal catalysts. This thesis describes the synthesis, structures andconformations of 51 new iron-sulfur cluster complexes,which have been characterized by elemental analysis andstandard spectroscopic methods. In addition, single-crystalX-ray diffraction analyses were performed for 4 representa-tive new compounds. Reactivities of μ-〓 with mono- and di- Grig-nard reagents derived intermediates toward various organicelectrophilic substrates were studied, along with complexa-tion of arynyl-containing iron-sulfur clusters by 〓Thus, several bridged, non-bridged, monomeric, dimeric,homonuclear, heteronuclear iron-sullfur and iron-sulfur co-balt-carbon cluster complexes were synthesized. A novelreaction and convenient route for the synthesis in highyield of tetranuclear iron complexes 〓 containing atetracoordinated sulfur atom was discovered, whereas aplausible mechanism based on experimental results was propo-sed for the formation of the new cluster type.

鉴于有机铁硫原子簇化学在基础理论发展和应用方面的重要意义，因此我们开展了这一课题的研究，并取得以下主要成果： 1、本文共合成了51个新有机铁硫及含钴碳簇基的有机铁硫原子簇配合物，除用元素分析，NMR，IR，MS法表征其结构和构象外，还用X-光衍射技术测得四个代表性配合物的单晶结构和构象； 2、我们业已发现炔基Grignard试剂同〓可形成一种&开环&与&闭环&中间物的平衡混合物，研究该平衡混合物同各种亲电试剂的反应； 3、研究发现了一种可高产率地形成〓含〓四配位硫挛合簇的新化学反应并对此反应提出了—种有趣的反应机理； 4、首次由1，4-二溴丁烷双Grignard试剂与〓制得一种新型铁硫簇双硫阴离子活性中间体，并进而研究了它的亲核反应性能； 5、找到了通过〓的光化学反应来合成簇合物〓-〓的一条有实用价值的新路线。

The spiracles are bigger and more near dorsal line than all the others. Their trachea branches are taper and abundant and form short tracheoles. This gave the tufted form to the trachea, which appeared shrubby. The trachea branches that arranged in other segments gave them a tree-like look. They do not directly supply oxygen for tissues, but they suspend in the hemolymph and attach to the muscle of the heart, so that they can move in constant with the contraction of the heart muscle.②The 8th segment tracheal tufts have thinner cuticle and basal lamina than that of the other trachea, and have much pad cuticle, which is appropriate for them to move, and their basal lamina have small pores, which are favour of the permeation of gas.③Injecting the methylene blue into the larvae to label hemolymph, we observed that the hemolymph flow into the heart through the 8th segment tracheal tufts.④Normally these tracheal tufts have all kinds of hemocytes, which are abundant in the tufts. A large number of hemocytes released from tissues attach to the tufts by changing their structure when anoxic stress happen.

气管分支细短而丰富，形成气管簇，呈灌木丛状（其它各节气管则呈粗树干状分布），它不是直接给组织供氧，而是悬浮在血液中，与心肌相连接，随着心肌的收缩而不断运动；②气管簇的内膜及底膜都比其它各节的薄，且管壁内膜具有更多的适合运动的垫状表皮，底膜还有小孔结构，这有利于气体的通透；③向体内注射蓝色的亚甲基蓝标记血液发现，血液流动方向是经该气管簇后而流回心脏；④正常情况下，气管簇处有各种各样的血细胞聚集，当缺氧胁迫时有大量的血细胞从组织中释放出来，通过变形而紧贴气管簇，有利于气体的交换；⑤给体内注射无色的亚甲基蓝发现气管簇比其它各节更易变蓝，说明该处具有更高的获氧能力。

Busparallel expansion and pipeline technique are adopted to improve the average inputand output speed of recorder based on FLASH memory. 2 A concept of 'cluster' isintroduced. The using state message of each cluster is loaded in the spare area,following the target datum, to keep the pipeline sequence of multiple clusters' loading, which guarantee the average input speed of system. 3 Based on the using statemessage of every cluster, the Cluster Allocation Table established in memory enablethe system to manage the recorder flexibly in high speed, similar to a file managementsystem. 4 PowerPC 8245 based embedded system, along with Vxworks real-timeoperating system is introduced to make the system more easier to be applied to theprojects in the future.

本文所述的关键技术特点主要包括：采用了并行扩展以及流水线操作技术以提高基于FLASH芯片的存储区平均输入输出能力；引入了&簇&的概念，为了保证连续写入过程中的流水线顺序，系统向存储区加载每一簇有效数据后，紧接着还将向相应簇的空余区中加载该簇的使用状态信息；根据所有簇的使用状态信息在系统内存中建立&簇分配表&，可以支持系统快速灵活地管理存储区，即，类文件化的数据管理；采用基于PowerPC8245的嵌入式计算机硬件系统及基于Vxworks的嵌入式实时操作系统，提高了系统的整体性能及系统研发的延续性。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了