管道

Firstly, because of more and more pipelinesintersect underground, it becomes very difficult to perambulate. Secondly, the leakageof underground pipeline may cause a series of serious problems, such as loss ofenergy and money, pollution of the environment and even danger to life. The reasonsof leakage mainly include two aspects.

其一，埋地管道不断增加，纵横交错，使管道巡线变得越来越困难；其二，土壤对管道的腐蚀，自然力的破坏等原因而产生的漏油，以及人为的损坏和偷油等，都造成巨大的能源浪费和经济损失，更可能引发环境污染和严重的安全事故。

The detection experiment in Dagang Oilfield has shown that this "infraredpipeline detector" can be used to perambulate underground pipeline and findstealing branch easily.

经过大港油田现场实验，此红外管道探测仪可以方便、直观、快速的判断地下管道的有无，管道的走向以及偷油管道的分支，而且仪器操作简单，便于携带，对环境无任何破坏。

Using China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Corporation's fundamental organization—Petroleum Pipeline Civil Design Team as the research target, this paper explored the concept of team knowledge, the creation of team knowledge, the transformation mechanism of team knowledge, and the evaluation of team effectiveness.

本文以中国石油天然气管道工程有限公司的基层组织——石油管道土建设计团队的知识管理体系建设应用研究为例，对团队知识的概念、团队知识的创造、团队知识的转化机理、团队绩效的评价等问题进行了探讨，并针对团队自身的特点，建立了一个实用性强且操作简便的适用于石油管道土建设计团队的知识管理体系，创建了良好的知识积累、知识共享、知识创新的机制。

The main causes of the vibration in pipeline system are in two respects : The first is the vibrant force of the medium acted on pipeline system,i.e.exciting signal,such as the vibrant force caused by the gas flow at the compressor ′ s inlet and outlet and at the ramified and nodel points as well as the action of pig passing through pipeline bridge,etc.;The second is the response to the exciting signal,which is relating to the characteristics of the pipeline system,i.e.the rigidity,support,quality and equipments of the system besides the waveform of the exciting signal.

管道系统振动的原因主要有两方面，一是介质对管道系统产生的振动力，即激发信号，如气流在压缩机进、出口，分支节点部位产生的振动力，清管器通过管桥时对它的作用等；另一方面是对激发信号的响应，其响应除了和激发信号的波形有关外，还和管道系统本身的特征，即系统的刚度及支撑，质量及其配置等情况有关。

Space pipelines are widely used in engineering mechanical,chemical,civil,metallurgical and shipbuilding,etc.For smooth connection of two rectangular pipelines with skew axes in space,a suitable connector is required.

空间管道广泛应用于机械、化工、建筑、冶金和造船等工程，在管道设计中，常常要求一种矩形弯管光滑连接两轴线交错管道。

The aspect of non-linearity caused by deformation of the pipeline may not be considered in the swallow sea if rigidity of the pipeline is high enough, linear beam model is established for the pipeline and solved by using finite element method.

在浅水铺管时，如果管道刚度较大，可以不考虑管道的变形引起的非线性因素的影响，近似地把浅水中的管道模型视为线性梁，用线性有限单元法求解。

Front-end floating pneumatic power chuck, with combined functions of self-centering clamp and floating compensation clamp, is used for machining of pipe end.

前置式气动浮动动力卡盘是集自定心夹紧和浮动补偿式夹紧二功能于一身，用于管道的端头加工，加工笔直管道时，使用自定心夹紧功能；加工的管道若有弯曲变形或加工弯管端头时，则采用定心卡盘辅助定心，用本卡盘的浮动夹紧功能夹紧管子后，退开定心卡盘再加工管子端头。

In this thesis, I summarize the theoretical calculation method, applied scope and notice of siphonic drainage system, and point out the advantage of siphonic drainage system compared with gravitation drainage system. In the archetype experiment study of siphonic drainage tube, I adopt different tube diameter and different structural height to survey the drainage volume and press in different place. I observe various kinds of flow state, and get chief factors which influence hydraulic peculiarity of system as the tube diameter or structural height, and find out the relevance of factor to flux. I apply CFD Fluent software and adopt standard k-ε model and RNG k-ε model, then use finite volume method and second-order upwind scheme to discrete numerical model, while coupling numeration of velocity field and press is based on SIMPLE. In the numerical simulation of curved part of tube, siphonic drainage tube experiment system and multi-outlet siphonic drainage system, I make research on internal velocity and press of system in different project condition by changing the tube diameter of curved part, negative press value in tube export and improving the quantity of water gutter. This thesis first adopts a method of combining archetype experiment and numerical simulation to study the siphonic drainage system, test and verify the validity of experiment and numerical simulation, and makefurther study on system, it solves the problems of limited testing conditions, and has a logical results, it can provide a valid method for optimizing and designing the drainage tube-net system. The conclusion have referring value for study and design of siphonic drainage system.

本文首先对虹吸式排水系统理论计算方法、适用范围以及注意事项做出总结，并分析了虹吸式排水系统的优势；再对虹吸式排水管道进行原型试验研究，采用不同管径不同立管高度，对系统流量、管道压强进行量测，观察了各种工况下的流态，对其水力特性进行研究分析，找出影响水力特性的落差、管径主要因素以及与排水量的关系；进一步应用计算流体力学Fluent软件，采用标准κ-ε模型与RNGκ-ε模型，计算过程应用有限体积法和二阶迎风格式对数值模型进行离散，速度和压力的耦合采用SIMPLE算法，分别对系统弯管段、虹吸排水管道试验系统、多斗虹吸式排水系统进行数值模拟分析，通过改变管段弯头处半径、管段出口负压值、增加雨水斗数对不同工况下系统内部的速度和压力进行研究；本文首次采用结合原型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，对虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统进行研究，试验与模拟相互验证，并进行拓展，很好地解决了虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统由于试验条件限制问题，结果正确合理，为排水管网系统设计和优化研究提供了有效的方法，对工程设计有较好的参考价值。

Conduit of water supply, catchment installs standard of acceptance of work: Quality of conduit, pipe fitting should accord with active standard; Valve is installed should decorous, switch Ying Ling is vivid; Press via connecting water to try, all conduit, valve, connect should not have ooze water, slack phenomenon.

给水、排水管道安装工程验收标准：管道、管件质量应符合现行标准；阀门安装应端正，开关应灵活；经通水试压，所有管道、阀门、接头应无渗水、漏水现象。

Which indicates when the harmonic vibration is equal to the inherent frequencies the displacement became maximum value, it represent the structure occurs sympathetic vibration.

当施加在管道结构上激励的频率和管道结构的固有频率相近时，管道结构系统将发生共振。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。