管辖权

Without having jurisdiction, the abbess exercises authority over all in the house, and commands in virtue of their vows.

未经有管辖权的，住持行使权力，所有在众议院，并命令在凭借自己的誓言。

Much to my surprise, the jurisdiction of admiralty law extended to any waterway in the United States that had been navigable in its original condition.

非常令我吃惊的是，"海事法"的管辖权涉及到美国的所有航道，只要一条航道在其最初的条件下可以通航，就必须被包括在内。

The district court s have original jurisdiction in civil cases arising under federal law, criminal cases under federal law, admiralty and maritime cases, and cases between citizens of different states (called "diversity jurisdiction").

地区法院对下列案件享有原始管辖权：基于联邦法律提起的民事案件、基于联邦法律提起的刑事案件、海事案件和涉及不同州的公民之间的案件。

Different jurisdiction of taxations leads to conflicts on jurisdiction of taxation.

正由于各国选择适用的税收管辖权类型不同，而导致了税收管辖权的冲突。

In the introduction, the writer discusses three questions for leading this paper's main point, the international tax jurisdiction of the e-commerce: the fast development of the internet and e-commerce; international tax loses heavily; re-express the international tax jurisdiction of the e-commerce.

在导言部分，学生主要是为了引出此篇论文的主题——电子商务下国际税收的管辖权，共论述了三个问题：互联网与电子商务的迅猛发展；税收流失严重；重申国际税收管辖权。

At first, the author thinks that the core of direct tax problems of E-C Tax Law is to determine the tax jurisdiction to e-commerce. The paper analyzes the following three questions on the Permanent Establishment principles and income classification rules. Secondly, this paper foucuses on indirect tax problems of E-C Tax Law, including tariff and VAT. Thirdly, this paper foucuses on tax management problems of E-C Tax, including tax evasion and electronic tax. At last, the author discusses the E-C Tax Law of China and puts forward some constructive suggestions on the E-C Tax policy and law of China based on the study of the former parts.

首先，笔者认为电子商务的直接税法律的核心就在于如何界定对电子商务的国际税收管辖权，本文分别从常设机构原则、所得分类规则对电子商务的国际税收管辖权进行了界定：其次，本文对电子商务引起的关税、增值税两方面的法律问题进行了分析；再次，本文研究电子商务引起的税收征管法律问题，包括电子商务引起的逃避税法律问题和电子税务问题，并分析了电子税务建设和完善所必需的法律环境；最后，本文研究我国的电子商务税收法律问题，结合我国实际情况，对我国电子商务税收政策与立法提出了若干建议。

State trial courts of general jurisdiction have jurisdiction over a wide variety of subjects, including both civil disputes and criminal prosecutions.

具有普遍管辖权的州初审法院对各种事物都有管辖权，包括民事争议和刑事指控。

In the system of international private laws, the applicability and jurisdiction of laws and the acceptance and execution of foreign court adjudications are matters of the greatest importance.

国际私法中法律适用、管辖权以及承认与执行外国法院判决三位一体，国家民族利益是国际私法解决法律冲突、决定法律适用的核心问题，将国际民事管辖权和承认与执行外国法院判决等相关问题纳入国家主权范畴，从而可以确立国际私法的国家民族属性

As we know,the features of Internet such as fiction and no territory have brought impact on the civil cases of Internet——related,traditional methods to determine jurisdiction which take the district as conjunctive factor have encountered difficulty in the Internet—related cases.The factors to determine the jurisdiction such as forum rei,lex loci contractus,lex loci delicti become indefinite in the Internet surrounding.

网络的虚拟性、超国界性等特点给涉网的民商事纠纷的管辖权确定带来挑战，传统的以地域为连结因素的管辖权确定方法在网络案件中遇到了困难，被告所在地、合同履行地、侵权行为地等连结因素的确定在网络环境下变得不明确。

Report and Recommendations to the Governments of Iceland and Norway of the Conciliation Commission on the Continental Shelf Area between Iceland and Jan Mayen.[75]Anglo-French, para. [76]Tunisia/Libya, paras. [77]Gulf of Maine, paras. [78]Malcolm D.

两国约定，在管辖发生重叠的区域，印度尼西亚对水体享有1982年公约规定的专属经济区的主权权利和管辖权，而澳大利亚则对海床享有1982年公约规定的大陆架的主权权利和管辖权。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐