管线

Downhole throttling technology is to adjust downhole pressure through installing the throttle valve in an appropriate position on the tube. The gas flowing through the throttle valve is heated up by the geotherm and the conditions of gas hydrate formation are changed, so as to effectively prevent gas hydrate formation, decrease transportation pipeline pressure, eliminate attemperator, and reduce the cost of gas production.

井下节流技术将井下节流器置于油管某一适当位置来实现井筒节流降压，并充分利用地热对油管内流体加热，使节流后气流温度高于节流后压力条件下的水合物形成初始温度，从而达到降低地面管线压力，取消地面加热保温装置、降低气井开采成本的目的。

By and large, research projects undertaken by the Group fall into three categories. The first is geotechnical properties and prevention of geological hazards, with the stress on researches on dynamic properties of marine soil, coast-beach erosion and seabed failure, sediment reformation by benthonic fauna, failure of submarine pipelines, environmental geotechnical techniques, etc. The second is research on pollution and treatment of water and soil, with the stress on researches on ecological effects of exploitation activities in the marine environment, treatment of beach sediment pollution, treatment techniques of sea organism pollution, groundwater PRB treatment technique development, etc. The third is exploration of underground environment and geophysical data processing techniques, with the stress on devising equipment for detecting underground pollution and geological hazards, environmental GIS (Geographical Information System) and related analysis software, etc.

学术团队开展的研究课题大体上分三类：第一类课题是岩土体性质与灾害防治，侧重于海洋土动力特征研究，岸滩侵蚀与海床破坏研究，海洋底栖生物对沉积物改造研究，海底管线失稳研究，环境岩土工程技术研究等；第二类课题是水土污染过程与治理研究，侧重于海洋开发活动的生态环境效应研究，海滩沉积物污染治理研究，海水生物污染治理技术研究，地下水PRB治理技术开发等；第三类课题是地下环境探测技术与软件开发研究，侧重于地下环境污染与灾害探测设备的研制，环境地理信息系统，专业性应用软件的开发等。

When welding is performed on materials such as beveled pipe or plate, the first pass shouldpenetrate to the underside of the joint.

当焊接是在有斜面的管线或板等材料上进行时，第一条焊道应该渗透到该焊口的下面。

The result showed that toughness of coarse-grain zone in X70 grade steel pipe HAZ was weak.Coarse grain,granular bainite,high binate and other unbalance low temperature variation result in quantity increasing. In addition to,impact toughness of coarse grain zone decrease with the t8/5 increasing.

结果表明：粗晶区是X70级管线钢热影响区中韧性较差的区域，粗晶区韧性恶化主要是晶粒粗化以及粒状贝氏体、上贝氏体等非平衡低温转变产物数量增多造成的，且粗晶区的冲击韧性随着 t8/5 的增加而降低。

Based on the effect of the sanding on the bradenhead, the ground flow pipeline gtv and surface equipment in high pressure and high gas rate well in west Sichuan, and combination with actual engineering geologic characteristic and operation status, the paper analyzed the influencing factor of sanding in the fractured well, and put forward the countermeasures to effectively prevent sanding.

川西坳陷致密砂岩气藏拥有大量的高压高产气井，支撑剂回流出砂问题比较突出。由于气井压力高、产量高、流速快，加砂压裂后常出现支撑剂回流出砂的现象，对井口及地面流程管线闸阀、地面设备造成强烈的冲蚀破坏作用，已经严重影响到气田高压高产气井的正常生产。

It is shown that deformation temperature is the main factor that influences the static recrystallization behavior. Carbonitride precipitation inhibits recrystallization and causes a plateau in the softening ratio curve. The static recrystallization activation energy of X80 pipeline steel was regressed and calculated to be 380 kJmol^(-1), and its rationality was also discussed according to previous references and investigations.

结果表明：变形温度是影响奥氏体静态再结晶行为的主要因素；微合金碳氮化物的析出抑制了再结晶的进行，使软化率曲线出现了平台；利用实验结果回归计算出了X80管线钢的静态再结晶激活能为380kJmol^(-1)，并根据文献研究讨论了结果的合理性。

Pipe-Earth Potential,Cathodically Protected Potential,Corrosion Current Density of steel(16Mn steel) in soil and Coating Resistance...

应用灰色决策理论对管线综合势态和运行风险进行了分级和评估，为减少管道腐蚀事故和管道的预防性维修提供依据

The statistical maths analysis and sample distribution assumption tests of four factors, i.e., pipe earth potential, cathodically protected potential, corrosion current density of 16Mn mild steel in soil and coating resistance have been accomplished.

根据表征输油管线运行状态的四项参数即管地电位、阴极保护电位、土壤腐蚀性以及防腐层电阻建立了统计分布模型，并对新老管线数据分布模型的均值和方差进行了显著性水平检验。

Current distributions in a cathodically protected crevice between a simulated coating and segmented mild steel electrodes were measured in diluted NaCl solutions. The effects of the control potential, solution conductivity and crevice thickness on the current distribution were studied.

1前言在联合采用绝缘覆盖层和阴极保护技术防止土壤或水中的钢结构，特别是地下油气管线外壁腐蚀的情况下，阴极保护能否完全防止剥离覆盖层下的缝隙腐蚀成为近些年来阴极保护领域的一个研究热点［'］。

By serial instrumentation impact experiments at different temperature,energy changement condition and the fracture SEM at different impact fracture stages of the pipeline steel used under special environment are studied.

采用系列温度仪器化冲击实验的方法，对在特殊环境下使用的管线钢冲击断裂各阶段的能量变化情况及冲击断口的SEM形貌进行了研究。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。