管线

The experimental results show that, the depositional rate increases with the increase of the concentrations of nickel sulfate, sodium hypophosphite and complexing agent and the pH value, and it is also concerned with the category of comlexing agent.

据油田相关资料的分析，油气管线内部介质对管道的腐蚀已经成为油气管线正常输送的很大障碍。在美国输气干线和集气管线的泄漏事故中，有74%是因腐蚀造成的。

Taking one outdoor pipeline engineering in one urban residential zone as example the significance of this integration work as well as work content and literal expression of integration are discussed in order to promote engineering construction and management of residential zone.

以城市建筑小区室外工程管线综合为题，对建筑小区工程管线综合工作的意义、管线综合各阶段工作的内容和各种综合文件的表达形式进行了探讨，以促进建筑小区工程建设和管理工作的有序进行。

In this branch of civil engineering, engineers build pipelines and related facilities which transport liquids, gases, or solids ranging from coal slurries and semiliquid wastes, to water, oil, and various types of highly combustible and noncombustible gases.

工程师们进行管线设计，并估计管线项目对所跨区域的经济环境影响，确定各种要用的材料-钢材，混凝土，塑料等，确定各种材料组合方法即安装技术，制定测试管线强度的方法，制定保持和控制被运送材料的合理流速和合适的压力。

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

In most previous investigations for the seabed-pipeline interaction, the seabed has been taken as to be elastic and generally the influences of the non-linearity of progressive wave loading and stand wave loading have been overlooked.

目前大多数研究只是考虑了管线、海床在线性推进波作用下的响应，没有考虑波浪非线性对于管线及其周围海床响应的影响，也没有考虑立波波浪荷载作用下管线及其周围海床响应。

Based on the finite strain theory, a subroutine‐UEL for ABAQUS is developed , and the residual pore pressure under wave load is computed, and stability of soil around pipeline and seabed is analyzed. Regarding the liquefaction soil as model, a subroutine‐UMAT for ABAQUS is developed , and the behavior of pipeline in liquefaction soil analysis qualitatively.

并据此模型对复杂波浪荷载下埋置管线的动力响应进行分析，发现波浪的非线性和随机性以及管线-土体之间的接触效应对计算结果的影响十分显著，如果忽略这些因素，则会在分析埋置管线动力响应时造成较大误差。4。

Through changing centrifuge feed- tubes to casing- pipe type feed- lines and slurry pump with direct feeding, the centrifuge current is stabilized, the lines blocking by PVC resin is avoided, and the goal of increasing dehydrant capacity of centrifuge is attained.

通过对离心机进料管线的改进，采用套管式进料管线，浆料泵直接进料的方式，稳定了离心机的电流，防止PVC树脂堵塞管线，达到增强离心机脱水能力的目的。

Regarding to the estimation of the elevated together with suspended heights of pipeline above the sea floor, they can be calculated with the Frontward and Backward models derived in this dissertation. Models are tested, and indicated the calculations have been effective.

管线的影像计算可利用管线前端与后端推算模式，推估裸露管线高度；并且由前侧、后侧的推算，可以剥离地形效应，对比实际的地形资料，得到验证。

With the increase of pipeline's service time, is the pipeline corroded?

由于海底管线的腐蚀是一种长期缓慢的过程，随着管线服役时间的增加，管线的腐蚀状态如何？

Main works in this paper include:(1) Studies on pipelines network underground" spacial data model and data structure;(2) Analysing and extracting the data of cities" pipelines network underground;(3) Methods of development with OpenGL in VC++;(4) Measures of pipelines network undergrounds realizition, such as division of map layer, foundation of coordinate system, real-time roaming about and so on;Finally, works that has been done in this paper is summarized, and prospect of the problems should be gone deep into in future is made, integrated with the experience and deficiency in this paper.

论文所做的工作主要有：(1)地下管网空间数据模型与数据结构的研究；(2)管线源数据的分析与提取；(3)地下管线可视化的方法，例如图层划分、坐标系的建立、地图投影的定义、漫游中的实时处理技术以及地下管线的3D几何造型技术等；(4)VC++中OpenGL开发和运用的方法；最后对本课题所完成的实际工作和所取得的结论性成果进行了概括和总结，结合在研究过程中的体会和不足，对以后的研究中需要进一步深入研究的几个方面做了一个简单的展望。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。