管理者

It is possible to classify managers by the nature of the position they hold.

是可以根据管理者的职位的性质对管理者进行分类的。

Having analyzedlevels of structULre of enterprise infOrmatization deta1ed, we can provide enterprisemanager and informatiZaion constructer with cIear and integral informatiZaionnotion, complete and practical infOrmatization frame, and specific and definiteinfOrmatization target. We hope that enterprise manager can achieve someenlightenment and help to find out how to conunence to construct infOrmatization.

企业信息化建设任重道远，本文通过对企业信息化建设的层面结构的详细分析，为企业管理者和信息化建设者提供了一个清晰、完整的信息化概念，一个全面、实用的信息化框架以及具体、明确的信息化目标，希望企业管理者能够从中得到一些启示和帮助，找到信息化建设的切入点。

First-line sales managers are the linchpins between the salespeople on the front lines involved in selling products and/or services and succeedingly higher levels of sales management (i.e., branch sales manager, zone sales manager, division sales manager, regional sales manager, vice president of sales). These managers have a surfeit of administrative responsibilities, many of them (e.g., training, motivation, evaluation, supervision) directed at the enhancement of their sales subordinates' cognitive, affective, and conative responses (e.g., market knowledge, job satisfaction, performance).

其实，第一线的销售主管是处理活跃在第一线的销售人员和售后服务以及高层管理者（例如，营业主任，销售部经理，区域销售经理，销售副总）工作之间的关键，这些高层管理人员由於太多的行政责任，其中一些人（例如，训练，激励，考评，监督）等等，而直接影响到他们对属下在认识，情感，思想等等方面（例如：市场知识，满足感，业绩）的培训，事实上，经过研究发现销售管理者需要对属下做些什麼已经影响到销售人员的业绩问题。

Top manager refers to top decision-maker in corporation,namely chairman of board ,general manager and so on.

高层管理者指国有企业中的最高决策者，本文指的高层管理者为公司的董事长、总经理和副总经理以及董事会成员等。

In addition, we represent the variance of the process as a function of investment, as proposed by Hong and Hayya (1993), to decrease the number of defective items. Our models determine the optimal production lot-size, the optimal levels of investments, and the optimal levels of backorders that minimize the sum of inventory and quality-related costs.

另外，本研究并考虑藉由投资来降低制程的变异，其中利用Hong 等人(1993)所提出制程变异之投资函数，纳入总生产成本模式中考量，即投资后的制程变异为制程改善后所能降低的制程变异水准加上目前生产系统之最大变异水准与最低变异水准之差的指数分配关系，如此不仅能降低变异并提升制程能力指标，亦能让管理者利用本模式来比较不同制程改善的成本差异，推导出最佳生产批量、缺货量和投资成本，以提供存货管理者对生产决策之参考依据。

Based on the theory of agency, the theory of property rights and the theory of the ownership structure of the firm, Michael C. Jensen developed a hypothesis of free cash flow. He points out "Conflicts of interest between shareholders and managers over payout policies are especially severe when the organization generates substantial free cash flow. The problem is how to motivate managers to disgorge the cash rather than investing it at below the cost of capital or wasting it on organization inefficiencies."

在借鉴资本结构论、公司控制权市场论、契约论等研究成果的基础上，詹森提出了自由现金流量理论，该理论主要讨论了股东与管理者之间存在的代理成本问题，认为股东应该"促使管理者吐出这些现金，而不是将剩余现金以低于资本成本的收益率进行投资，或者在低效率的组织中耗费"。

Proposed from integrates the enterprise culture construction,in the encompassment company strategic target,fuses from the system principle of design and the movement,as well as must control from the inside the system to integrate the achievements management the scope and so on four aspect suggestions,through controls from the inside the system to carry out the strong binding force to the process,the deference rigorous,standard,the highly effective management thought,impels the achievements supervisory work the continually improvement.

2.1 绩效管理理论概述。绩效管理是企业管理者通过一定的方法和制度确保企业及其子系统(部门、流程、工作团队和员工个人)的绩效成果能够与企业的战略目标保持一致，并促进企业战略目标实现的过程，是管理者与员工之间在目标与如何实现目标上所达成共识的过程，也是增强员工成功地达到目标的能力的管理方法以及促进员工取得优异绩效的管理过程。

To implement this new policy, the administrator of the EPA is required to establish a

为执行这项新政策， EPA 的管理者设立一个单独的机构，它的管理者将执行这部法令。

In this strategy, the principle of the equilibrium between the requirements and benefit of manager and users are considered simultaneously and the functions of RGS are proposed.

以城市交通系统为背景，从管理者利益和用户需求两方面进行分析，对RGS的功能进行定位，认为导行系统的功能原则能够同时满足管理者和出行者的利益需求。

It is a challenging task to conduct research on the compensation of managerial incentive contracts based on the accounting information theory.

会计信息与管理者报酬激励机制关于会计信息与管理者报酬激励机制关系的研究，由于涉及公司治理的较深层次，相当一个时期以来在国外一直是一个。。。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了