管理控制

A synthetic model of multi-level production planning and control integration is brought forward, which integrated Master Production Schedule , Material Requirements Planning , Shop Floor Control , order acceptance control, order release control and process control into a whole. Besides, a new method of production management—— Theory of Constraints is introduced into the traditional MRP, and a method to integrate TOC with MRP is put forward. As a result, a system of production planning management for ceramics enterprise is developed. Then several problems of shop planning and control for ceramics enterprise including the modeling of production line, the optimized utilization of kiln, the complement and due-date of products are discussed. A mathematical programming model of equalization production for ceramics production line is set up. An optimized model is put forward, which uses genetic algorithm to solve the sequencing problem of ceramics before the kiln.

以生产计划与控制的集成为目标，提出将一个企业中的主生产计划、物料需求计划、车间作业计划与接受订单控制、投料控制与生产控制集成的多级生产计划与控制的总体模型，将一种新的生产管理方法——约束理论引入传统的MRP中，提出了实现TOC和MRP集成的具体方法；针对陶瓷企业的特点，为重庆兆瓷研制了一套陶瓷企业生产计划管理系统；并对陶瓷企业车间计划与控制中的一些具体问题进行了研究，建立了陶瓷生产线均衡生产的数学规划模型，就窑炉的优化利用、产品配套和交货期问题、陶瓷生产线的能力平衡等问题进行了研究。

It becomes more difficult to manage, integrate and share the control system real-time data when we set up the industrial real-time database because of complicated affair between every department and isomeric character of the system. A three-level-structure model and the method to establish database is provided based on CORBA criterion with its character of being regardless of programming languages, hardware platform and network protocol . A universal real-time database faces multi-system is also set up by learning the distributed criterion, it can realize the request broker , and the application software can visit the database pellucidly ; Thus the power station simulation model can be linked with the control system such as infi90 , ovation and be made use of the control object , a closed simulation and control experiment system is set up. Further more we can build an integrate automatic experiment platform from the simulation object of power plant to the process control and the to SIS. Li Ming(Control Theory and Control Engineering)Directed by associate prof. Lin Yongjun

在创建工控领域实时数据库时，企业各部门间的复杂事务及内部异构性给实时数据的管理、集成和共享带来了一定的困难，根据CORBA规范具有语言无关性、平台无关性和网络协议无关性的特点提出基于分布式计算规范CORBA的三层体系结构模型及建立与维护实时数据库的方法和途径；通过CORBA规范建立面向多个分散控制系统的通用实时数据库，实现数据访问代理，使应用软件可以透明地对实时数据库进行访问、存取、管理；将Infi90、Ovation分散控制系统与火电厂仿真机模型进行有效的互连，以全物理过程仿真数学模型为对象，构建了闭环控制仿真实验研究系统，实现数据的高效连通及管理；进而通过基于CORBA的实时数据库构建一个从火电厂仿真机对象到过程控制设备再到SIS系统的综合自动化试验平台。

The model included speed control, load control, valve management, valves test, RUNBACK, overspeed protection, LDA, CIV, ETS, RSM, MEH, gland seal system etc, discussed the strategy of valve management, RSM, control loop smooth switching with emphasis.

模型包括了转速控制、负荷控制、阀门管理、阀门试验、RUNBACK、超速保护、甩负荷预测、中压调门快关-快开、紧急跳闸保护、转子热应力控制、MEH控制和轴封控制等功能，重点讨论了阀门管理策略、负荷控制回路无扰切换策略和转子热应力控制策略，对实际系统尚未投入使用的甩负荷预测和中压调门快关-快开功能也进行了建模仿真。

Global transaction management Global transaction management consists of global serializability, global atomicity and recovery, global deadlock checker, etc. In distributed data resources management, the complexity of local data sources increases the difficulty of global transaction management.

分布数据资源管理中的全局事务管理通过对事务管理的关键问题的分析，针对分布数据资源管理中数据源在事务处理能力中的巨大差异，提出了给每一个局部数据源包装器添加一些事务处理的功能，让包装器针对特定数据源的具体情况完成部分全局子事务的并发控制和恢复管理，使得在全局管理层可以使用二阶段锁进行并发控制和使用二阶段提交进行事务恢复，并使用超时法进行死锁检测，从而达到分数据资源的全局事务管理。

The article adjusts the development of the business enterprise cross over type and changes technocracy mode and adapts to the request of situation development etc.

施工企业的工程技术管理是施工中各项管理的龙头，是关系企业管理的一项重要系统工程，在施工项目管理全过程中的进度控制、成本控制和质量控制等各个方面都起着至关重要的作用。

To close an important function. the article adjusts the development of the business enterprise cross over type and changes technocracy mode and adapts to the request of situation development etc.

施工企业的工程技术管理是施工中各项管理的龙头，是关系企业管理的一项重要系统工程，在施工项目管理全过程中的进度控制、成本控制和质量控制等各个方面都起着至关重要的作用。

Finally, with all the related effective means, combined with the projcet example of Bilin Building project in QTC, it analyzes, controls and improves each link from reconnaisance and design to the construction process, completion approval and safe production. According to the actual project situation, a quality guarantee organization is formed and feasible preventive measure and countermeasure are formulated. By studying the relative factors (employee, material, machine, law, link) to manage and control the project quality, we ensure the economic and social benefit of the project investment and the realization of all indexes.

最后，结合青岛职业技术学院国际学院比邻楼工程具体实例从勘察设计、施工过程到交工验收以及安全文明生产的各个环节，运用全面质(来源：Ad2Bb3b3C论文网www.abclunwen.com)量管理和质量控制的各种有效方法加以分析、控制和改进；针对工程项目实际情况构建了质量保证组织，制定了详细的质量预防措施和对策，通过对建筑工程项目各个组成因素的研究来管理和控制建筑施工项目的质量，取得了良好的成效，极大限度地提高了该项目投资的经济效益和社会效益，保证了项目各项指标的实现，验证了全员、全过程、全项目的质量管理模式对工程质量控制所起到的良好效果。

Information technology is believed to produce considerable influence on all of the five basic elements of an enterprise' s internal control system:(1 )"Horizontalization" of the enterprise' s organizational structure is possible, the control group becomes the best form of the enterprise' s autonomous control and the enterprise's control limit is expanded;(2) The range of risk control is enlarged, which increases the risk of the enterprise staff's involvement in decision-making and meanwhile provides an instrument for risk control;(3) The difficulty and complexity of internal control increases;(4) The enterprise information system gets vulnerable to illegal intervention;(5)The enterprise' s internal control takes the form of man-machine model.

企业内部控制是企业为保护其资产安全，保证信息的完整和正确，促进经营管理政策得以有效实施，提高经营效率，控制经营风险，防止舞弊行为发生，并进而实现企业目标的一项重要的管理制度与方法，它由控制环境、风险评价、控制活动、信息与沟通、监控等相互关联的五个基本要素构成。在信息技术环境下，企业内部控制系统的五个要素构成的框架体系并未发生实质性的改变，但企业信息环境的急剧变化，给企业内部控制带来了新的问题与挑战，影响并改变着企业内部控制要素的具体内容与表现特征。

The construction of TSQ-I dam paid at tention to the following links:Strict quality management and strict quality cont rol is the key to project construction success;Setting up and making sound a qua lity management organization and a quality management system is the basic assura nce to achieve the quality policy and quality target;Whole quality control with raw material control as the main method and sampling test the secondary one is t he quality control measure;Applying instruments for inner and outer prototype ob servation and taking advantage of the instrumentation data for prompt guidance o n construction are the basis of a good project quality.

在天生桥一级大坝建设中，重点抓住了以下环节：严格的质量管理和严格的质量控制是工程建设成功的关键；建立和健全质量管理机构和质量管理体系是实现质量方针和质量目标的根本保证；以原材料控制为主，抽样试验检查为辅助的全过程质量控制方法，是质量控制的手段；利用仪器进行内、外型观测，并用观测资料及时指导施工，是搞好工程质量的依据。

Hence,an integrated management system is created which mingles internal control with management system of electric power enterprises.

笔者认为内部控制是电力企业管理机制的一部分，内部控制要与电力企业管理机制内容有机地融为一体，只有这样，电力企业的内部控制制度和流程才能发挥应有的功能。1电力企业管理体系中的内部控制电力行业是国家的基础产业，在国民经济中发挥着极其重要的作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。