管理控制

The development of modern project management presses for integrated risk management and life cycle risk management,using systemic and dynamic measures to weigh and appraise risk thoroughly,and taking corresponding measures to control it,so as to reduce the indetermination in the process of project.

现代项目管理行业的发展迫切要求集成化风险管理和全寿命风险管理，用系统的、动态的方法对风险进行全面的衡量和评价，采取相应的措施加以控制，以减少项目过程中的不确定性。

The reform influenced our administrative reform inspirationally: at first, we can ...

这一改革对我国的行政改革有着重要的启示意义：一是政策制定和政策执行可适当分离；二是决策和执行的分离有利于提高行政效率；三是在行政管理中，可引入市场机制；四是政府管理方式应从过程控制转为业绩导向；五是行政管理要透明、廉洁、勤政；六是为我国公务员制度的改革提供了新思路；七是为我国改革"弱政府、强部门"、"政府权力部门化"的弊端提供了重要借鉴。

Project construction cost management must realize all-side integrand with international community. At the same time, the administrative staff, must come to manage and control the cost of the construction project from a brand-new aspect.

工程造价管理必须实现与国际社会的全面接轨，同时工程造价管理人员必须从全新的角度来管理和控制工程项目的造价。

The key for an enterprise to survive and achieve the anticipate goal is effective management and control to the risk. The validity of the risk-management depends on the intendance and evaluation to the work of the risk management.

能否对风险进行有效的管理和控制，是企业能否生存发展、实现企业预期目标的关键，而企业风险管理的有效性在一定程度上取决于企业对风险管理工作的监督和评价。

Particularly last year , in accordance with Japanese client requirement , made great effort on positive list and agricultural chemicals' remainder . We strictly control agricultural chemicals' selecting 、 purchasing 、 preserving 、 concentration and spraying , get better effect and gain client's intrust and good appraisal .

特别是去年，针对日本客户的要求，在对应肯定列表和农药残留方面狠下功夫，在农药的选定、采购、仓库管理、浓度管理和喷洒管理等环节都严格控制，收到了较好的效果，并且赢得了客户的信任和好评。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows:①reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept "sustainable development", stated and commented the study status in queue on"sustainable development"around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept "sustainable development";②looked back and commented across-the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings;③expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory;④thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the MATLAB software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the B-J method and Morte-Carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources;⑤synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming, mathematical statistics, random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality;⑥analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows: correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows: the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water-saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology;⑦scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy;⑧point out the more directions on groundwater resources.

它将为制定水资源的可持续发展目标和战略决策提供科学依据，为制定社会、经济可持续发展战略提供理论基础。基于以上考虑，论文主要从以下几方面对地下水资源可持续开发问题进行了比较深入的探讨：①全面回顾了"可持续发展"概念的由来与演变，对国内外"可持续发展"的研究现状进行了述评，并对"可持续发展"概念的科学内涵进行了深入探讨；②对涉及地下水资源的一些最基本的概念和命题进行了全面的回顾和评述，对目前仍然存在的一些错误观点和混乱认识提出了自己的见解；③全面阐述了地下水资源变值系统理论的内容和意义，并与传统的地下水资源计算评价方法进行了对比分析，结合实例具体说明了方法的应用；④深入分析了地下水资源预测预报工作的极端重要性和复杂性，对传统的地下水资源动态预测方法进行了全面的评述，指出了各类预测预报方法的特点及适用条件，对最近二十多年刚发展起来的小波分析技术的主要思想和方法及其应用范围，以及号称第五代计算机语言的MATLAB软件和附带的小波分析工具箱进行了介绍，并应用于地下水动态过程线的分析，采用时间序列中的B-J法，蒙特卡罗方法，与地下水资源变值系统理论相结合，探讨了地下水动态资料分析和地下水资源预测预报的新思路；⑤综合分析了现今各类地下水管理模型的特点及缺陷，将数学规划、数理统计、随机过程等与地下水变值系统理论相结合进行地表水地下水或多水源的联合优化调度，使模型更准确、更实用；⑥对保证地下水资源可持续开发的内部条件和外部条件进行了分析，内部条件主要是正确的资源观，科学的资源计算与评价方法，可靠的资源预测预报技术，可操作的资源管理措施，外部条件主要是高层发展思路、管理体制的变革、配套的政策法规、经济杠杆的调节、人文素质的提高、节水意识的增强及具体节水措施、人口增长的控制、水体污染的防治、生态的恢复和重建等；⑦从宇宙科学、地球系统科学及哲学的高度审视地下水资源的可持续开发；⑧指出了地下水资源可持续开发的进一步研究方向。

The four aspects are mainly optimized in this thesis: ABC classification is combined with fuzzy evaluation, which is applied in the inventory classification of automotive parts, and a right model is established for the classification management; the stock is controlled with order point and multistage programming and the flow charts are designed for reducing the inventory cost and assuring the smooth produ

论文主要从四个方面开展优化工作：将ABC分类法与模糊评判法结合，应用到汽车零部件库存分类中，建立合理的库存分类模型，实现货物的分类管理；应用订货点法和多阶段规划法进行库存量的控制，设计方法流程图，实现降低库存成本、保证生产流畅通的目的；以精益管理思想为指导原则建立全新的仓储作业流程，以此提高管理的信息化水平，提高工作效率；应用储位编码方法对货位进行编码，在作业流程中添加分配库位模块，实现货物智能存取功能。

Through the method of experts'investigation, to analyze the risk on this project and choose out the headstream of the risk 2. Through the method of classification, to disassemble this project 3. Through the method of simulation, to estimate the risk of investment 4. To provide the scheme to avoid and manage the risk All of these efforts made us realizing the features of this project and mastering the rule of risk. So we can complete the project within 1000 days, and create the miracle in the field of the construction on track traffic, with the features of the limited manager, the short term, the low cost, the high technology, the high quality and the perfect safety. It has been the successful nonesuch on the research of risk management art.

首先，采用专家调查法，对项目进行了系统的风险辨识，筛选了项目面临的风险源；第二，采用分级分类的办法对项目进行逐级分解；第三，采用模拟相结合的方法进行了投资风险估计；第四，提出回避风险方案和风险处置方案，从而使工程的建设者们全面的了解了项目的建设特点，把握了风险规律，把风险控制在合理的范围内，使工程能在1000天内顺利竣工通车，并以管理人员少、工期短、造价低、技术难度高、质量优良、安全无事故等特点，创造了中国乃至世界轨道轨道交通建设的奇迹，成为风险管理管理技术研究的又一成功典范。

The establishment and consummation of management system was an important character of contemporary Shanghai\'s nonnative population management.

由单位执行的支配、依附管理与由居委会执行的监督、控制管理成为新时期上海城市管理不同类型外来人口的基本运作模式。

Which are used as an important basis of investment decision and risk controlling and management in later phases. But former studies made by many research institutions mainly focused on investment estimates of industrial projects and cost controlling of individual projects. It is looked as a weak aspect for the whole real estate industry that the accuracy of project investment estimates is too lower to meet the permissible error regulated by the government in feasibility research phrase. Overestimate is a very common phenomenon, which will undoubtedly be a barrier for smoothly increasing of real estate industry.

但是，长期以来，具体进行投资估算的主体是房地产开发企业和咨询公司，而银行等金融机构、风险投资机构和投资人、政府相关管理部门、行业协会在房地产市场逐渐规范，竞争越来越激烈的背景下，银行等金融机构、政府相关管理部门等也都需要在商业地产项目的前期阶段，特别是初步可行性研究阶段对项目的总投资估算有较为客观、真实的了解，以作为下一步投资决策、风险控制和管理的重要依据。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。