管理控制

The development process of urban traffic signal control systems is simply reviewed, and the actuals and evolvement of traffic systems such as SCOOT, SCATS, UTOPIA, RHODES, OPAC and PRODYN are introduced. The above systems′ characteristics and shortages are analyzed. This paper points out that the keys for improving the performances of urban traffic signal control system are high quality detection data of traffic volume and traffic models.The development of urban traff...

简单回顾城市交通信号控制系统的发展过程；重点介绍SCOOT、SCATS、UTOPIA、RHODES、OPAC和PRODYN系统的现状和进展，分析其特点和不足；通过分析指出：提高城市交通控制系统性能的关键是高质量的交通量检测数据和交通模型，显然，把先进的智能控制技术、信息融合和处理技术与交通管理技术结合起来，才是城市交通信号控制系统发展的方向。

But,the drawbacks of Shewhart's control chart is that when the control chart shows abnormal,it cannot tell us what and where is the assignable cause,i.e.it cannot diagnose the abnormalityof the process.In 1982,Prof.Gongxu Zhang proposed the diagnosis theory with two kinds ofquality,solved the diagnosis problem of assignable cause,thus opened a new direction ofstatistical diagnosis theory and developed the theory of SPC into a new stage ofSPCD(Statistical Process Control and Diagnosis).The multi-operation and multi-index system exists everywhere,in general,nearly all theproduction lines of factories belong to this system.

但休哈特控制图的缺点是，当控制图显示异常时，它不能告知是何原因、何处发生了异常，即不能诊断。1982年，我国著名质量管理专家张公绪教授提出两种质量诊断理论，解决了对异常因素的诊断问题，开辟了统计诊断理论的新方向，将质量控制推向了一个新的发展阶段——统计过程控制与诊断阶段。

Industrial Automation Systems Division, including water pumping station frequency control system, constant pressure water supply control system, water treatment divisions and computer automatic control and information management systems; power plant coal feeder, give powder machines, pumps and fans, etc. The frequency control system, auxiliary power plant control system (including the coal handling, water and ash of the computer control system, etc.); metallurgical steel industry blast furnaces, converter gas Gasholder automatic monitoring systems, as well as petrochemical automatic monitoring systems.

工业自动控制系统包括水司的泵房变频控制系统、供水恒压控制系统、水司和水处理的计算机自动监控和信息化管理系统；电厂给煤机、给粉机、水泵和风机等的变频控制系统、电厂辅助车间程控系统（包括输煤、化水和出灰计算机程控系统等）；冶金钢铁行业的高炉、转炉煤气气柜自动监控系统以及石化的自动监控系统等。

Metallurgical steel industry blast furnaces, converter gas Gasholder automatic monitoring systems, as well as petrochemical automatic monitoring systems.

工业自动控制系统包括水司的泵房变频控制系统、供水恒压控制系统、水司和水处理的计算机自动监控和信息化管理系统；电厂给煤机、给粉机、水泵和风机等的变频控制系统、电厂辅助车间程控系统（包括输煤、化水和出灰计算机程控系统等）；冶金钢铁行业的高炉、转炉煤气气柜自动监控系统以及石化的自动监控系统等。

How to balance the fact that technology immanently requires an infinite improvement of product quality and the actually realized economic benefit and how to properly control product quality from an economic view.

本文的研究是基于自己所承担的、有关企业质量管理活动中工序质量控制的两项科研课题："机加工过程中的产品质量控制与诊断系统设计"及"工序质量控制过程的质量预警及控制研究"。

This model realized two parallel control strategy as independent access control and collaborative access control. It also supported dynamic flexible management requirements of access control for collaborative ASP system.

该模型实现了自主访问控制和协同访问控制两种访问控制并行的设计思想，支持协同应用服务提供商系统动态柔性的访问控制管理需求。

This design basis construction diagram paper,the geology draws up after explore the report and the local hydrology geology,the weather condition investigate on the spot, mainly include engineering general situation,construction to prepare,construction deployment,start construction project,the point crux control,start construction progress plan and promise measure and start construction the plane chart decoration and face to establish several aspect contentses, such as the decoration,the item risk control,the item information control and the item cost control...etc., body now construction the item management program of aim at a main characteristics of sex,implement,operability...etc..

本设计依据施工图纸、地质勘探报告及当地水文地质、气象条件并实地考察后编制，主要包括工程概况、施工准备、施工部署、施工方案、重点难点控制、施工平面图布置和临设布置、施工进度计划及保证措施、质量保证措施、工程安全防护及文明施工保证措施、项目风险控制、项目信息控制、项目成本控制等几方面内容，体现了施工项目管理规划的针对性、实施性、操作性等主要特点。

The system can automatically supervise changes of temperature and humidity for the grain depot,compare with the preset parameter of temperature and humidity,and drive the correlative power equipment in order to keep temperature and humidity in stated ranges.The CAN bus technology is used in the distant measurement and control system,which improves the reliability of system.

可以利用CAN总线解决这些问题，它是一种面向工业控制的现场总线，集数字通信、智能仪表、微机技术及网络技术于一身，突破了以往"点对点"式的模拟——数字控制的限制，完全实现了对控制系统的分散控制，便于集中管理[1]。

Currently some different video transmission scehmes have been proposed, such as source-based adaptive rate control, receiver-based simulcast and layered multicast, but these schemes basically follow the traditional network design principles and take end-to-end congestion control and error control mechanisms without the participation of network intermediate nodes, making a series of problems such as session management difficulty, congestion control blindness, feedback explosion, and the difficulty in achieving fairness among different users.

目前对于网络视频传输已出现了各种不同的解决方案，如基于源的自适应速率控制方案和基于接收端的联播、分层多播等视频传输机制，但这些方案基本上都遵循网络设计的传统原则，采取基于端到端的拥塞控制和差错控制机制，而没有网络节点的参与，从而导致会话管理困难、拥塞控制盲目、反馈爆炸等一系列问题，而且难以在用户之间达成公平。

FCS is a new generation of control system after DCS, it represents an unreversed developing direction that digital devices, network devices,control functions,devices management are used in local machines.

现场总线控制系统是继分散控制系统之后出现的新一代控制系统，它所代表的是一种数字化到现场、网络化到现场、控制功能到现场和设各管理到现场的不可逆转的发展方向。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。