管理体制

Beginning from the six basic elements in the "guide" learning organizations, considering the existing difficulties and problems in high-tech enterprises, this paper proposes the fundamental approaches and measures, which include the reformation of the enterprise culture by way of changing concepts, the break-through of structures by way of idealizing organizational systems, the implementation of comprehensive learning by way of forming new learning systems, the motivation of organized learning by way of renovating organisms, and the encouragement of continuous learning by way of strengthening leadership and management.

针对目前高技术企业建立学习型组织存在的困难与问题，从&导动式&学习型组织的六个基本要素出发，在吸纳有关组织学习理论的基础上，提出了创建&导动式&学习型组织的基本途径与方法，即转变观念，重塑企业文化；优化组织结构，突破结构性障碍；建立学习体系，全方位开展学习；创新体制与机制，激发组织学习的动力；加强领导和管理，推进组织持续学习创新。

As the open of China construction market, private construction companies with a flexible and low cost system is developed and grown rapidly, foreign construction magnate with capital and management advantages is landing in China, Large state-owned construction enterprises depend on client resources and historical accumulation jelled, moreover, the construction industry technical content is not too high, most of the surplus rural labor force entered the construction industry, construction production ability became superfluous, building market oversupply competition pattern has been formed.

随着我国建筑市场的进一步发展和开放，民营建筑公司凭着灵活的体制和低廉的成本迅速发展壮大，国外建筑巨头携资本与管理优势抢滩登陆，大型国有建筑企业靠客户资源和历史积累放手一搏，加之施工行业技术含量不高，农村剩余劳务力大多进入建筑行业，施工生产能力大幅度增长，建筑市场供大于求的竞争格局已经形成，此外国家通过法律法规的形式进一步规范了市场竞争行为，尤其是《中华人民共和国招标投标法》和《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》的先后颁发，给市场竞争提供了法律依据和技术支撑，合理低价中标是业主选择承包方最常用的定标原则。

But with the establishment of the system of socialistic market economy, new situations and problems emerged constantly; the most significant problem is the weakness of adjustment of the industry management.

但随着社会主义市场经济体制的确立，越来越多的新情况和新问题显现出来，其中关于对野生动物产业管理调整的不足尤为明显。

The other, however, is not so satisfying in that the balance in the previous four years has been broken: the newly recruited outnumbers the senior ones between 1998 and 2003, leading up to a series of problems, including 1 the number of retired athletes increases every year, along with the decrease of the rate of successful deployment, 2 papers issued by the government guiding the deployment were not carried out properly, 3 the papers themselves were outdated and ways of deployment are restricted, 4 the present system of the government is too old for the new situation and has many stark contradictions, 5 the retired athletes ... themselves are not quite adequate for the comprehensive requirements posed by a ever-developing society, 6 specialties of athletes dont meet the needs of the employers, 7 discrepancies of understanding of the deployment among the managing staff, the coaches and the athletes has a limiting effect, 8 the absence of a unit specialized in the deployment of the retired excellent athletes 9 the training of the athletes do not match the need of the time.

3福建省退役就业现状的研究研究结果表明1994—1998年福建省退役运动员的就业问题解决的很好，&出&与&入&两方面保持平衡：1998—2003年福建省退役运动员就业山现了&出&与&入&的极大不平衡，表现在&入&多&山&少，运动员退役就业出现很大问题，这些问题主要表现在：运动员退役的人数在逐年上升，而相反就业的人数呈逐年递减；政府制定的退役运动员安置文件的落实没有很好的落实到位；退役运动员就业文件滞后、不到位，就业渠道难以拓宽：政府体制陈旧，矛盾突出：运动员的自身综合素质达不到社会对复合型人才的要求；运动员所从事的体育项目与就业安置方面的联系；管理人员、教练员和运动员对安置工作认识上的误差制约：。

Adapting tothe change of economic system ,political system and social structure,the communitydevelopment is overspreading in cities,which focus on cooperation ,participation,share and response.So,the community development incarnates the change of localadministration in cities from government to governance.

与经济体制、政治制度以及社会结构的变迁相适应，广泛兴起的城市社区建设强调合作、参与、共享及回应，体现了政府在城市基层管理上由统治向治理的转型。

China needs participation of investment banks in recapitalizing hundreds of thousands of enterprises, reactivating trillions of SOEs' debts and savings and reorganizing hundreds of millions of bank credit property.

究其原因，我国企业的规模、质量都无法与国外的大企业相媲美，原因是中国企业在长期的计划经济体制下接受政府直接控制和管理，缺乏利用资本市场实现资产优化重组的能力。

Second, it is necessary to be reeducated to adapt to new economic environment as well as to be trained more skill for those laid-off workers who have worked experiences under traditional system, especially for those who had worked for enterprise as managers.

第二，为了使更多的有在传统体制下工作经历的下岗职下，尤其是大量从事过企业管理工作的下岗职工尽工地实现再就业，不仅需要对他们进行各种技能培训，而且更需要对他们进行如何适应新的经济环境的再教育。

There is a brief introduction about the development of western just view in Chapter one, among them it is a key about understanding of the social just concept and value judgment, which create the academic background for the just dispute of Rolls and Nozick, promise that will explain next at the same time; Chapter two in this text should explain emphatically, through the two theory frame exposition and comparative analysis, we can draw the conclusion that the essential of the dispute focuses on the value judgment of social justice, that is to say , it is the understanding to right " question ; It is the investigation of social background aboutthe dispute mainly in Chapter three, this shows , the thinking essences of any social justice are all demanded by the reform to the unreasonable social current situations , and this kind of reform often needs implementing to the system or system aspect, therefore the thinking to the theory needs putting in the specific social environment, only through this can we make the accurate judgment ; Begin from chapter four, it is the practical problem that the full text needs solved, namely the unjust problem existing in the transitional country. By probing into the reference meaning of just ideas between Roils and Nozick, and build up foreshadowing for the system of the last chapter; The last chapter, the corresponding solution has be put forward aimed at the origin of the unjust phenomenon that our society make the transition, namely under the background of system innovation, we should structure the scientific management mode, and realize from "good policy " to the basic " good at managing .

第一章简要的介绍了西方正义观的演变过程，其中关于社会正义概念的理解和价值判断是个关键，同时也是为接下来要阐述的罗尔斯、诺齐克正义观的争论创设一个理论的背景；第二章是本文要着重阐述的环节，通过对两者理论框架的阐述和比较分析，得出两者争论的根本还是社会正义的价值判断上，也就是对于&权利&问题的理解；第三章的设置主要对两者争论的社会背景的考察，由此可以看出，任何社会正义的思考实质都是对不合理的社会现状的改革诉求，而这种改革往往需要落实到体制或制度层面，因而对于理论的思考也需要放在特定的社会环境中，才能做出准确的判断；从第四章开始，是全文需要解决的实际问题，即针对转型国家在转型中存在的非正义问题，探讨罗尔斯、诺齐克正义理念的借鉴意义，并为最后一章的制度架构做铺垫；全文最后一章，针对我国社会转型中的非正义现象的产生根源，提出了相应的解决办法，亦即在制度创新的背景下，构建科学管理模式，实现从&善政&到&善治&的根本转变。

In the early of 50s,based on experience of "Yan\' an Art" and Soviet Union,an effective system of literary management and organization was established in fine art creation and education in new China.

本文梳理了20世纪50年代中央美术学院雕塑系教学建设的历史，并希望这段历史能再现50年代中国美术的一个侧面。50年代初，新中国美术创作和教育主要根据&延安文艺&经验和苏联经验，建立起一套有效的文艺管理、组织体制。

Because of the properties of the high-speed, easy-standardization, easy-implementation by the software or hardware, and so on, block cipher has become the core scheme of the data encryption, digital signature, authorization, key management in information and network safety.

分组密码以其速度快、易于标准化和和便于软硬件实现等特点，成为信息与网络安全中实现数据加密、数字签名、认证及密钥管理的核心体制。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。