管理体制

This article is an introduction and summary of retirement pension system, annuity administration management style and classification, investment tool, capital disposition, capital investment supervision and control, return on investment and corporation annuity tax preference aspect in industrially advanced country, such as the US and UK, etc.

本文就美、英等工业发达国家的养老金体制、年金管理的管理方式及其分类、投资工具、资产配置、投资监管、投资收益和企业年金税收优惠形式的情况进行了介绍和总结。

To bring the inauthenticity of accounting information under permanent control, we should strengthen the legal system, perfect relevant managerial regulations and structures, reinforce the economic supervision and the execution of the law and rigorously enforce the management of accounting personnel in order to prevent any false information .

笔者认为，会计制度不完善，部分领导及会计人员素质不高，会计监控制度缺失是造成会计信息失真的主要原因，加强法制体系建设，完善相关管理制度及体制，加大经济监督和执法力度，严格会计人员管理，从源头上控制虚假信息的产生，会计信息失真这一顽症才能得以根治。

MethodsBy on-the-spot investigation, achieving some content about the reason of enterprise hospital reforming, the reforming process, mode, and the leadership system, civilization of hospital, talented man and reimbursement mechanism before and after reform; At the same time achieving some indicatrix about the quality of service, healing and management, the work efficiency. The dates were input and analyzed in Excel.

方法通过文献学习、回顾性调查、现场调查等研究方法，获得沈阳铁路局中心医院转制的原因、过程、方式以及转制前后医院的领导体制、管理方式、医院文化、人才队伍和补偿机制等方面相关的数据，同时获得有关医疗质量、服务质量、工作效率、管理质量和社会满意度等方面的指标，对这些指标进行整理分析。

Work inheritability tremendously depends on project organization.

许多行业由于在计划经济下已有几十年的管理实践和比较成熟的管理机制，因此他们的机制改革基本可以依赖于体制的顺利迁移。

Since the 1990s, China on the establishment of a socialist market economic system project cost management mode of a useful exploration, To adapt to the new situation, a new project inventory valuation model.

在很长一段时间内工程建设概预算定额管理制度曾经对工程造价的确定和控制起过积极有效的作用，但进入市场经济后，我国的政治、经济形势发生了巨大变化，经济体制改革、对外经济开放与国际经济的接轨，使概预算定额管理制度与市场经济的发展越来越不相适应。

The third chapter is the case analysis of the State of Wisconsin and the city of Irvine in USA.

第三章是案例分析，介绍了美国地方外事管理的体制、内容和特点，其中对威斯康辛州及尔湾市的外事管理作了具体介绍。

However, due to the large differences in economic development, social operation model, political system and cultural customs etc., there are many pecularities in China. We can see from the two following aspects: one is our the selection of pension institutions which possesses more character of "institutional dependency", and the determinative role of the evolvement of the pension structure on the choice of pension risk management mode can\'t directly be embodied, but the determinative role of the financial structure on overall the pension structure registers as the restriction of our financial system to the development of our private pension plans; the other one is that the magistral situation and product structure of traditional financial institutions, especially insurers, reflect our financial system is not quick to manage pension risk.

然而，由于我国在经济发展水平、社会运行模式、政治制度体制、社会文化习俗等方面与OECD国家存在较大的差异，我国养老金结构与金融结构的相关性也具有一定的特殊性，这种特殊性体现在两个方面：一是我国公共养老金计划主导的养老金制度选择更具有"制度依赖性"，并不能直接地、自然而然地体现出养老金结构演变对养老风险管理模式的决定作用，而金融结构对养老金整体结构的决定作用则更多地表现为金融系统对我国私营养老金计划发展的掣肘；二是我国传统金融机构特别是人寿保险公司在私营养老金计划中的主导地位和产品结构反映出我国金融体系管理养老风险的整体能力还不理想。

So, mastering the operating system and way of international contact market, familiarizing international convention of bidding system, improving the ability of contact management are necessitous tasks for project management personnel.

因此，掌握国际承包市场的运作体制和方法，熟悉招标投标制度的国际惯例，增强合同意识，提高实际合同的管理能力成为工程管理人员迫在眉睫任务。

All steps of fire management are adequately taken into account and the reform of socialization for fire management under the socialistic market economy is explored using the methods combining induction, organon and theory with practice.

本文综合运用了实证、案例、比较等研究方法，对消防管理的各个环节进行了充分的考虑及研究，并对社会主义市场经济体制下消防管理社会化发展改革进行了积极的探索。

Its prototype can be seen in educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's idea at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century. Later on, due to the combined effect of many factors, such as other educators'(e.g. Georg Kerschensteiner,etc) practice and development of the theory, the evolution of Vocational Education System in the 20th century, the pressure of economic development in German, the need of f ...更多 lexible management in modern enterprises, the difficult situation of "Dual System", and the training and internship positions shortage because of the global economy and population change,"Work Process Oriented Theory" came into being in German.

在18世纪末19世纪初教育家裴斯泰洛奇的思想中即可见其端倪，后经过凯兴斯泰纳等教育家的实践与发展，并经20世纪职业学校课程体系的反复实践，到了20世纪90年代，由于德国经济发展的压力、现代企业从刚性管理到柔性管理的体制演变、"双元制"职业教育的困境以及经济全球化和人口变化带来的培训实习岗位短缺等诸多现实因素的共同作用，在德国诞生了工作过程导向思想。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。