管理上的

As to the new theories about the kind of thing sacraments are, the canons[21] condemn those who say: that there are more or less than seven sacraments instituted by Christ our Lord--baptism, confirmation, the Eucharist, penance, extreme unction, order, marriage--or that any one of these is not truly a sacrament in the full sense of the word; that these sacraments only differ from the sacraments of the Jewish dispensation as one ritual from another; that the sacraments are not a necessity of salvation, but that through faith alone, and without the sacraments at all, man can obtain from God the grace of Justification; that the sacraments were instituted for the purpose of nourishing only faith; that the sacraments do not contain and confer the grace which they signify--as though they were but outward signs of the grace or justice received through faith, badges of Christian profession that mark off the believer from the infidel; that the sacraments do not themselves confer grace by the very activity of the sacrament, but that only faith in the divine promises is sufficient to obtain grace; that all Christians have the power to administer all the sacraments; that any pastor of the Church can change the received and approved rites used by the Church in the solemn administration of the sacraments.

至於新的理论对这种事圣礼是，该炮[ 21 ]谴责那些谁说：有多於或少於7圣礼所建立基督我们的上帝-洗礼，确认，圣体，忏悔，临终，秩序，婚姻-或任何其中之一是没有一个真正的圣礼在充分意义上的；这些圣礼只有不同於圣礼犹太分配作为一个仪式从另一个；的圣礼没有必要救赎，但仅通过信仰，并没有在所有的事，男人可以得到上帝的恩典的理由；的圣礼被提起，目的是滋养只有信仰；的圣礼不包含并赋予它的恩典他们象徵-就像他们的迹象，但外向的恩典或司法收到通过信仰，徽章的基督教界人士说，马克从信徒从异教徒；的圣礼本身并不赋予宽限期的非常活动圣礼（当然opere operato ），但只有信仰的神圣承诺足以获得宽限期；所有基督教徒有权力来管理所有的圣礼；，任何教会牧师可以改变收到并批准使用的仪式在庄严的教堂行政管理圣礼。

The first chapter emphasizes on the background and process of urban community autonomy, the process is divided into three stages: the rise of community building, the reform of the management system and the autonomy practice of resident to introducing the community development in our country. The second chapter introduces the present condition of the community autonomy in changshou road. Including the organizational relation, the rule of the circulating and the development of NGOs. The third chapter deeply analyzes the problems to hider the development of community autonomy in the present stage in changshou road. The fourth Chapter gives some advice about the community autonomy to realize the real autonomy in our grass- roots society.

论文的引言部分对选题的缘起、目的、意义以及研究方法作了简要说明，同时也界定了文中涉及的一些重要的研究概念；正文的第一章主要是介绍我国城市社区转型的背景和进程，分社区建设的兴起、管理体制的改革、居委会自治实践三个阶段介绍了我国社区发展的主要历程；第二章主要是介绍了上海长寿路街道社区自治在组织体制，运行规则和民间组织发展等方面的发展现状；第三章作者对街道社区自治现阶段存在一些问题进行了深刻剖析；第四章是在分析问题的基础上对城市社区自治发展提出了一些可行的改进意见，希望能帮助我们的基层社会尽快实现真正的自治。

The final purpose of the lean production system is to satisfy customer's needs. Therefore, the flexible of production lines becomes a critical issue after production pattern has been changed from mass production to small-volume with large variety production. The manufacturing system of lean production is using management methods to survey the waste of production lines, to execute some kinds of improvability actions of reducing the cost, and to elevate productivity and quality to support various customization productions. By using lean production system, industries not only can earn profits but also can raise competitive advantage.

精实生产方式其最终的目的，就是要满足顾客的需求；因此当生产型态的转变由以往的「大量生产」转变为「少量多样」，创造生产线的弹性变成重要的问题，精实生产发展出来的生产系统，即利用管理手法检视生产线上的浪费，进行各种以改善为核心的降低成本活动，力求提高生产力、提升品质而提供消费者喜好的多样化产品，进而提高公司获利及企业竞争优势。

But in fact, economic globalization, on the one hand, in the process of promoting the global expansion of economic activities, has developed a market without boundaries and a global production network, revealed the inapplicability of the current international economic order and whetted the appetite for the liberalization of trade and investment.

究其实，经济全球化一方面在推进经济活动的全球性扩张的过程中，开发出了无疆界的市场和全球化的生产网络，暴露了现行国际经济秩序的不适应性，增强了对贸易和投资自由化和经济管理全球化的渴求；另一方面经济全球化更加凸现了独立民族国家作为参与全球经济活动的主体身份的重要性和现实性，因为经济全球化并非完全自发的或盲目地形成的，更多地表现为民族国家之间的在发展经济问题上的相互承诺，而不是分散自由的民间经济往来。

While improving people's production, collecting, organizing, transmitting and using information way of knowledge, it is a mechanism of information service too, Structure and service have changed enormously, how to combine some advanced information technologies in the management and service applied to the library, Promote the routine with the technology , change the library and understand the traditional mode, devoted to building and regarding navigating in knowledge as the development environment which serves the idea , no longer only confine to offering documents in storage to readers, Offer usable documents on all networks, help teaching and scientific research to be meanings in which this subject explores.

在变革了人们生产、收集、组织、传递和使用知识信息的方式的同时，也是信息服务的机制，结构以及服务手段发生了巨大的变化，如何将一些先进的信息技术结合运用到图书馆的管理和服务中，用这些技术来促进日常工作，改变图书馆懂得传统模式，致力于营造以知识导航为服务观念的发展环境，不再只局限于向读者提供馆藏文献，还提供所有网络上的可利用的文献，协助教学和科研是该课题探索的意义。

While improving people ' s production, collecting, organizing, transmitting and using information way of knowledge, it is a mechanism of information service too, Structure and service have changed enormously, how to combine some advanced information technologies in the management and service applied to the library, Promote the routine with the technology , change the library and understand the traditional mode, devoted to building and regarding navigating in knowledge as the development environment which serves the idea , no longer only confine to offering document s in storage to readers, Offer usable document s on all networks, help teaching and scientific research to be meanings in which this subject explores.

在变革了人们生产、收集、组织、传递和使用知识信息的方式的同时，也是信息服务的机制，结构以及服务手段发生了巨大的变化，如何将一些先进的信息技术结合运用到图书馆的管理和服务中，用这些技术来促进日常工作，改变图书馆懂得传统模式，致力于营造以知识导航为服务观念的发展环境，不再只局限于向读者提供馆藏文献，还提供所有网络上的可利用的文献，协助教学和科研是该课题探索的意义。

It includes four parts: 1 Part I, it introduces the basic knowledge of computer viruses such as computer virus definition, history and important viruses events, features, behavior phenomena, difference with computer software and hardware troubles, damage behavior and capability, classification, naming, future trend, etc; 2 Part II, it introduces the corresponding knowledge of computer systems related to computer viruses such as the composing of software and hardware of the computer system, storage media and its working mechanism, interrupt technologies,.com/.exe/.pe file formats and their working mechanism, etc; 3 Part III, it introduces computer virus mechanism and theory such as computer virus structure, work flow, working mechanism of key modules, typical technologies used to design computer viruses including the corresponding traditional technologies (interrupt filching, memory resident, etc.), the corresponding new routine technologies (self-encrypting, Mutation Engine, etc.), and the corresponding new technologies used by some prevalence computer viruses such as macro viruses, e-mail viruses, worm, hacker, Trojan, mobile phone viruses, the working mechanism analysis of some kinds of typical and prevalence computer viruses such as file-type viruses, macro viruses, e-mail viruses, worm viruses, hacker, Trojan, mobile phone viruses, the analysis of some typical and prevalence computer viruses examples including BALL viruses, WORD macro viruses, WantJob viruses, Code Red viruses, BO Trojan, etc; 4 Part IV, it introduces the defense and killing technologies of computer viruses such as the aim and criterion of computer viruses defense and killing, prevention methods and corresponding technologies, detection technologies (comparison method, character code scanning method, behavior inspecting method, analysis method, etc.), manual and automatic killing technologies, immunity technologies such as IBM digital immunity system, new anti-viruses technology trends (real-time anti-viruses technologies, 32 kernel technologies, active kernel technologies, etc.), some typical virus defense and killing softwares (Symantec AntiVirus product, PC-Cillin AntiVirus product, etc.), the defense and killing method analysis of some kinds of typical and prevalence computer viruses (file-type viruses, macro viruses, worm viruses, hacker, etc.), for example, firewall and intrusion detection technologies for anti-hacker, the defense and killing of some typical and prevalence computer viruses examples including WORD macro viruses, Code Red viruses, BO Trojan, etc.

课程内容具体包括四大部分：1）第一部分，介绍计算机病毒基本知识，包括：计算机病毒定义、病毒发展史及重大事件、病毒特点、病毒表现现象及与软硬件故障的区别、病毒破坏行为及危害性、病毒的传播途径及媒介、病毒分类、病毒的命名及计算机病毒技术发展趋势等内容；2）第二部分，介绍与计算机病毒有关的计算机系统相关知识，包括：计算机系统软硬件组成、存储介质结构及工作原理、计算机系统引导机理及流程、中断技术、。com/。exe/。pe等文件格式及工作机理等内容；3）第三部分，讲解计算机病毒机理，包括：计算机病毒的组成结构、病毒工作流程、病毒引导/触发/感染/破坏等模块的工作机理、计算机病毒所采取的编制技术（包括中断窃取/内存驻留等传统编制技术、自加密/隐形/变形机等新的常规编制技术、宏病毒/电子邮件病毒/网络蠕虫/特洛伊木马/黑客/手机病毒等一些新的流行病毒所采取的编制技术等）、一些类型的典型或流行计算机病毒的工作机理分析（包括：引导型病毒、文件型病毒、宏病毒、电子邮件病毒、蠕虫病毒、黑客、特洛伊木马、手机病毒等）、一些典型或流行的计算机病毒实例剖析（包括：小球病毒、WORD宏病毒、求职信病毒、红色代码病毒、冰河木马等）等内容；4）第四部分，讲解计算机病毒防治技术，包括：计算机病毒防治目的、病毒防治策略及规范、病毒在管理和技术上的预防措施、病毒检查技术（包括：比较法/病毒特征码扫描法/行为监测法/虚拟执行法/分析法等）、手工和自动病毒清杀技术、病毒免疫技术（包括：针对某种一次性感染病毒的基于病毒标签的免疫方法/基于自我完整性检查的计算机病毒免疫方法/IBM的数字免疫系统等）、反病毒技术的新发展（包括：实时反病毒技术/32位内核技术/主动内核技术/以毒攻毒技术等）、诺顿/趋势/金山等公司的病毒防治软件产品、一些类型的典型或流行的计算机病毒（包括：引导型病毒、文件型病毒、宏病毒、蠕虫病毒、电子邮件病毒、手机病毒、黑客、特洛伊木马）的防治措施（其中，也包括介绍面向防范黑客攻击的防火墙、入侵检测技术）、一些典型或流行的计算机病毒防治实例剖析（包括：WORD宏病毒、红色代码病毒、冰河木马v1.1/v2.2等）、多层次病毒防护体系等内容。

In addition, the related factors of image restoration strategy also hadn't different influence by the willing of strategy's choice in hospital. For example, the corrective action, reduction of offensiveness, and evasion of responsibility were affected consequentially by types of crisis, the reality of evidence, the damage, the performance management, and experience, but these as a whole were only affected by experience, the responsible attribution in the public, and the media report.

在影响医院采行形象修复策略的考量因素方面，不同的影响形象修复策略的相关因素对於不同的形象修复策略类型采行意愿的影响程度是不同的；以医院最愿意采行的进行修正策略、降低外界的攻击策略、及承认或道歉策略等三个策略而言，危机的种类、危机证据的真实性、危机对组织的伤害程度、组织过往表现、及危机管理经验等五项因素分别对这三个策略采行的影响性最大；但就这三个策略整体而言，组织过往表现、社会大众对组织应负的危机责任的归因、及媒体报导情况是整个策略选择上的最大的考虑因素。

For example, the corrective action, reduction of offensiveness, and evasion of responsibility were affected consequentially by types of crisis, the reality of evidence, the damage, the performance management, and experience, but these as a whole were only affected by experience, the responsible attribution in the public, and the media report.

在影响医院采行形象修复策略的考量因素方面，不同的影响形象修复策略的相关因素对於不同的形象修复策略类型采行意愿的影响程度是不同的；以医院最愿意采行的进行修正策略、降低外界的攻击策略、及承认或道歉策略等三个策略而言，危机的种类、危机证据的真实性、危机对组织的伤害程度、组织过往表现、及危机管理经验等五项因素分别对这三个策略采行的影响性最大；但就这三个策略整体而言，组织过往表现、社会大众对组织应负的危机责任的归因、及媒体报导情况是整个策略选择上的最大的考虑因素。

For, such banished man is entirely cut off from society; and such a monk, upon his profession, renounces solemnly all secular concerns: and besides, as the popish clergy exclaimed an exemption from the duties of civil life, and the commands of the temporal magistrate, the genius of the English law would not suffer those persons to enjoy the benefits of society, who secluded themselves from it, and refused to submit to its regulations.25 A monk is therefore accounted civiliter mortuus , and when he enters into religion may, like other dying men, make his testament and executors; or, if he makes none, the ordinary may grant administration to his next of kin, as if he were actually dead intestate.

因为，这样被驱逐的人完全的与社会隔绝；这样的修士，基于他的宣誓，庄严的放弃了所有世俗的社会关系：此外，既然天主教神职人员宣称免除世俗生命的责任并免受世俗管理者的命令，英格兰法律的精神便不能忍受这些人再享受世俗社会的好处，他们将自己与社会隔绝开来，并拒绝服从社会的约束。所以，修士被视为法律上的死亡，当他进入宗教，如同其他将死的人一样，可以确定他的遗嘱和遗嘱执行人；如果他没有确定，遗嘱官员可以将财产管理权力授予他最近的亲属，如同实际上未立遗嘱而死亡的情况。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。