管理上的

Looked from the way of function, One, transforms from the administrative method to the legal method, takes the legal solemnity, the continuity, the authority and the compulsory as the backing in order to gradually avoid the transmutation of the control system and the capriciousness of the administrative action.

从职能方式上看，一是从行政手段向法律手段的转变，以法律的严肃性、连续性、权威性和强制性为后盾，逐步避免管理制度的嬗变性和管理行为的随意性。

The Dockyard not only entirely transplanted from the west developed countries, but also actively used their experience in enterprise management for reference.

船政局不但在技术、设备上全盘移植于西方先进国家，在企业管理上也对其进行积极的借鉴。

Hurd in the conference call conceded that we need to do a better job in inventory management, and you should expect us to work on reducing inventory levels going forward.

Hurd 在电话会议中勉强承认我们需要在存货管理上做得更好，而你们也当期望我们能够在减少存货程度的工作上更进一步。。。。

Based on analyzing the popedom management and management mode of the information system, two methods of implementing the popedom setting of information system based on Web is presented.

在分析基于角色的信息系统权限管理机制和角色系统管理模型的基础上，提出了基于Web的信息系统权限设置的2种实现方式。

Being the prolegomenon of the special issue, this paper briefly discusses the relationship between ecosystem management and Eco-informatics, the society need of knowledge development, and the main research area.

该文在简要地论述生态系统管理与生态信息科学的关系，学科发展的社会需求和主要研究领域等问题的基础上，概要地介绍了研究小组近年来在生态信息科学与数据资源管理领域的主要工作研究进展。

You will understand what I mean by COMPLEXITYby noting these three aspects. Firstly, it refers tothe complexity in form. When CAD becameinvolved in the design process Architect's wereenabled with a higher level of control over evermore complex geometry. Consequently it canand will generate infinite possibilities in the futurefor form finding, which has shifted in emphasis asa more logical design process based onsystematic theories away from intuitive designtechniques. Secondly, it illustrates our growingsocial complexity. As technologies allow peopleto send and receive more information than before,in ever shorter time frames, the function ofarchitecture and urban space will increasinglybecoming ambiguous. Emergent, adaptive andtransformable spaces are replacing limitedfunction spaces gradually. Even a single spacewould afford more potential functions. Lastly, Iam referring to the complexity of collective design team organizations working on different projects.The fact is that our social work division is moreintricate and variegated today; Architects mustby necessity negotiate with governmentalauthorities, material suppliers, engineeringconsultants, quantity surveyor, contractors,planning authorities, landscape architects, interiordesigners, acoustical engineers, et cetera besidesjust our clients. Meanwhile, projects and designteams tend now to be a globally dispersednetwork. All of these things are challenging theconventional architectural practice, it'sorganization, and administration significantly.

Complex可以从3个层面上理解：首先是指设计形式上的复杂性，即引入计算机数字化技术后，建筑师可以设计和控制更高级、更复杂的几何形体，而不是简单地发挥计算机复制、粘贴的画图优势，让计算机真正参与到设计过程中，带来更多设计形式上的可能性（需要指出的是，这种形式上的演进已经从开始的直觉行为转成由系统理论指导的理性应用）；第二，是指与社会学相关的复杂性，科技让人们更多更快地接受和传递信息，建筑和城市空间的功能性变得越来越模糊，无法预知，随时间调整自身、不断变化的空间正在不自觉地逐步取代原有功能确定的传统空间，或者说一个空间要承受比以前晰释复杂性ARTICULATING COMPLEXITY多得多的功能要求；最后，是指在一个建筑方案内团队组织的复杂性，社会分工越来越详尽，建筑师要面对的除了甲方和使用者，还有政府权力部门、材料供应商、工程技术部门、合同签约顾问、城市规划部门、景观设计师、室内设计师、音响设计师等等相关的合作单位，同时，在项目和设计职员的地域分布上更趋向全球化，这些都带给建筑事务所内部管理和组织上前所未有的复杂性。

Its proposal of BPR theory brought about a serious challenge to Adamas Smith's "theory of division" which has controlled management theory and practice of enterprises for 200 years.

它的提出使得 200年来一直主宰着企业管理理论和实践的亚当·斯密的&分工理论&受到了严峻挑战，被称为管理史上的又一次革命。

Design management's foundations are European in nature and one of the strongest early advocates was Peter Gorb, former Director of the London Business School's Centre for design management.

设计管理的创立者本质上是欧洲的，早期最热心的提倡者是Peter Gorb，前伦敦商业学校设计管理中心的主任。

Throughout history the challenge to managers has been to manage the organization's huma...

在整个历史上的管理人员面临的挑战是管理组织的人力资源，以实现和平，生产和盈利组织的成果。

These terms reflect the widespread, though not universal, belief or allegation that it is no longer, if ever it was, defensible to interpret public administration as solely involved in technically objective solutions or in the neutral implementation of decisions made by nonadministrative parts of the political system (e.g., partisan leadership; electoral processes; party processes; partisan bargaining; and parliamentary, legislative, and judicial institutions).

这些术语反映了一种虽未普遍认同但广为传播的观点或主张，这种观点或主张认为把公共管理仅看作是技术上的客观解决方案或政治系统非管理部门（例如，党派领导；选举程序；政党作用；党派交涉，以及议会、立法和司法机构）决策的中立执行，即使过去站得住脚，现在也是不可能的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。