管理

One hand, as the same as others project management, the highway engineering project management is a complicate, arduous system engineering. It includes tempo, quantity, investment, contract, personnel, risk, drawing list, archives and so on. But in the other hand, it has open-and-shut character to itself-geoscience character.At the present time, there are some kinds of project management software.

同其它类型的项目管理一样，公路工程项目的管理是一个复杂、艰巨的系统工程，涉及进度、质量、投资、合同、人员、风险、图纸、文档等多方面的工作；但另一方面，公路工程项目的管理又具有明显有别于其它工程项目管理的特征：地学特征。

Intelligence capital management is the inevitable trend of the development of human resources management,which is an important branch of knowledge management research domain.

智力资本管理是人力资源管理适应时代发展的必然趋势，是知识管理研究领域的重要分支，同时也是智力资源管理的一部分。

ISO 10303, is issued by international standardization organization, and here, this paper gives the definition of product structure model oriented part41 and part44 in STEP and content of product structure management in PDM. This paper also presents method of creating and extracting product information on engineering draught and product data exchange and integration between CAD system and database manager system. Moreover, the paper gives a method of organization and manager of data base on product structure.

论文中依据国际标准化组织颁发的STEP标准即ISO 10303中的Part41，Part44两部分内容以及PDM中有关产品结构管理方面的功能含义定义了产品结构模型，实现了工程图样中产品管理信息的建立和提取以及数据库系统与图形文件中的管理信息交换与集成，并以产品结构为核心组织和管理产品结构模型数据。

With regard to the interior obstacles, mainly have: Many private enterprises still in"clan management"in the management structure; Inner management, anthropomorphizing in management is outstanding; In enterprises development strategic, most of the private enterprises lack of the strategic management; In talents employment , the phenomena of crony is serious; In industrial technical level , most enterprises have low ability in originality; Concerns with the competition in market, most of them lack of the core competition; in the problem of successor to enterprises, appears the crisis of handing over ; In using the resources, rough management is more serious.

从企业内部障碍来看，主要有：在企业治理结构上，许多民营企业实行&家族式管理&；在企业内部管理上，管理人格化现象比较突出；在企业发展战略上，大多数的民营企业缺乏战略管理；在使用人才问题上，任人唯亲的现象比较严重；在工业技术水平上，多数企业技术创新能力较低；在参与市场竞争能力上，普遍缺乏核心竞争力；在企业接班人问题上，出现了权力交接的危机；在资源利用上，粗放经营比较严重。

The paper introduces the development process of budgeting management and the condition in China and out of China.

论文介绍了预算管理思想发展的过程和国内外应用预算管理的情况，将预算管理定位为资源配置的方式，是一种管理机制。

This text regards development of the personnel management subsystem in the management information system construction of enterprises as the background,Have described the concept of the management information system,Basic principle and method of structure and system development, The full text is divided for the preamble altogether, the management information system survey , development approach, developing platform , tool and system plan and analyse , realize , operate and maintain , appraise systematically systematically systematically, procedure debug with trouble dealing with , developing 9 chaptering of summarizing etc.

本文以企业管理信息系统建设中的员工管理子系统的开发为背景，论述了管理信息系统的概念、结构及系统开发的基本原理和方法，全文共分为序言、管理信息系统综述、开发方法、开发平台和工具、系统规划和分析、系统实现、系统运行及维护、系统评价、程序调试与故障处理、开发总结等九章。

This text regards development of the personnel management subsystem in the management information system construction of enterprises as the background,Have described the concept of the management information system,Basic principle and method of structure and system development, The full text is divided for the preamble altogether, the management information system survey , development approach, developing platform , tool and system plan and analyse , realize , operate and maintain , appraise systematically systematically systematically, procedure debug with trouble dealing with , developing 9 chaptering of summarizing etc.

本文以企业管理信息系统建设中的考勤管理子系统的开发为背景，论述了管理信息系统的概念、结构及系统开发的基本原理和方法，全文共分为序言、管理信息系统综述、开发方法、开发平台和工具、系统规划和分析、系统实现、系统运行及维护、系统评价、程序调试与故障处理、开发总结等九章。

This text regards development of the personnel management subsystem in the management information system construction of enterprises as the background,Have described the concept of the management information system,Basic principle and method of structure and system development, The full text is divided for the preamble altogether, the management information system survey , development approach, developing platform , tool and system plan and analyse , realize , operate and maintain , appraise systematically systematically systematically, procedure debug with trouble dealing with , developing 9 chaptering of summarizing etc.

本文以企业管理信息系统建设中的人事管理子系统的开发为背景，论述了管理信息系统的概念、结构及系统开发的基本原理和方法，全文共分为序言、管理信息系统综述、开发方法、开发平台和工具、系统规划和分析、系统实现、系统运行及维护、系统评价、程序调试与故障处理、开发总结等九章。

This text regards development of the personnel management subsystem in the management information system construction of enterprises as the background,Have described the concept of the management information system,Basic principle and method of structure and system development, The full text is divided for the preamble altogether, the management information system survey , development approach, developing platform , tool and system plan and analyse , realize , operate and maintain , appraise systematically systematically systematically, procedure debug with trouble dealing with , developing 9 chaptering of summarizing etc.

摘要本文以企业管理信息系统建设中的考勤管理子系统的开发为背景，论述了管理信息系统的概念、结构及系统开发的基本原理和方法，全文共分为序言、管理信息系统综述、开发方法、开发平台和工具、系统规划和分析、系统实现、系统运行及维护、系统评价、程序调试与故障处理、开发总结等九章。

This text regards development of the personnel management subsystem in the management information system construction of enterprises as the background,Have described the concept of the management information system,Basic principle and method of structure and system development, The full text is divided for the preamble altogether, the management information system survey , development approach, developing platform , tool and system plan and analyse , realize , operate and maintain , appraise systematically systematically systematically, procedure debug with trouble dealing with , developing 9 chaptering of summarizing etc.

摘要本文以企业管理信息系统建设中的员工管理子系统的开发为背景，论述了管理信息系统的概念、结构及系统开发的基本原理和方法，全文共分为序言、管理信息系统综述、开发方法、开发平台和工具、系统规划和分析、系统实现、系统运行及维护、系统评价、程序调试与故障处理、开发总结等九章。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。