管理

There exsits the same problem in Chiese grassland management. The government carries out Household responsibility system in grassland managemnt, which is used in agriculture land,but don't consider the relationship shaped between grassland and herdsmen over a long period of time.That the government adopts model managment for convinience reflects laziness and unambitious of their people.

中国草原的管理同样有这样的问题，一刀切的把农耕土地的包产到户运用到草原管理上，而不考虑草原和牧民长期形成的关系，是政府对管理的模式化，是为了自己管理方便的一种懒惰，和不思进取。

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

Managing wildlife: A spatial information system for GPS collars data Francesca Cagnacci, Ferdinando Urbano* Centre for Alpine Ecology, Viote del Monte Bondone, 38040 Trento, Italy Received 22 December 2007,-奖学金网; received in revised form 11 January 2008; accepted 14 January 2008 Available online 25 February 2008 Abstract ISAMUD (Integrated System for Analysis and Management of Ungulate Data) is an integrated and modular software platform developed to manage GPS collar data for wildlife management.

管理野生动物：空间信息系统的GPS衣领数据弗兰切斯卡cagnacci ， ferdinando尔巴诺*中心的高寒生态， viote Del Monte的邦多内， 38040 Trento ，意大利收到2007年12月22日；收到的订正形式， 2008年1月11日；接受2008年1月14日在网上提供2008年2月25日摘要 isamud （集成系统的分析和管理的有蹄类动物的资料）是一种集成和模块化的软件平台的开发管理全球定位系统的衣领数据野生动物管理。

The company has fixed more than 130 customers, mainly Hilton Hotel Management Ltd., Shangri-La International Hotel Management Company, Ruiya international hotel management company, Crowne Plaza management company, Venice hotel, Saint-ting Court Hotel, the Hilton Peng Hotels, Wal-Mart Stores Inc., Vanke real estate companies, Uniden Electronics, Philips Electronics, YKK zipper factory…… We would like all my colleagues Bong "quality first, service-oriented, cheap," has been widespread Users of the popular and trusted friend.

公司现拥有固定客户130多家，主要有希尔顿酒店管理有限公司、香格里拉国际酒店管理公司、瑞雅国际酒店管理公司、皇冠假日酒店管理公司、威尼斯酒店、圣廷苑酒店、彭年希尔顿酒店、沃尔玛公司、万科地产公司、Uniden电子公司、菲利浦电子公司、YKK拉链厂……本公司全体同仁谨奉"质量第一、服务至上、价格便宜"，一直以来深受广大用户朋友的喜爱和信赖。

Article 16 The operating unit or operator of satellite communication networks shall abide by the laws and regulations of the State on radio administration, be subject to the supervision and inspection of the radio administration bodies, and cooperate with the radio administration bodies to manage the earth stations within the networks.

第十六条卫星通信网运营单位或经营者应当遵守国家无线电管理的法规、规章，接受无线电管理机构的监督检查，配合无线电管理机构对网内地球站进行管理。

Integration of water industry between urban and rural is an important way to implement the unitive management in water resource.

要强化流域管理机构的职能，推进流域管理和区域管理相结合的管理制度。

Fuzzy management does not mean non-management or confused management, but a cultural mana-gement by the integration of science and humanism and by the blending of reason and unreason.

模糊管理不是不管理，更不是糊涂管理，而是科学与人文统一、理性和非理***融的文化管理。

Finally, the thesis will bring forward the strategies and suggestion of developing the industry, and as the following: firstly, enhance the well-bred breeding system of the main yellow-feather broiler as soon as possible from the inherit characteristics of broiler to Hong Kong; secondly, introduce advanced science and technology to reduce the ratio of feed consumed and meat and increase the economic benefit; thirdly, make the nutrition requirement of broiler standardization and the epidemic prevention system of poultry disease strengthen; fourthly, promote the enterprise to build the system of sincerity and trust to guarantee the quality of living chicken to Hong Kong; fifthly, make the management of veterinary medicine and quality supervising strengthen and forbid to use the contraband and unsanctified medicine and improve the system f rudimental medicine; sixthly, reinforce the hygiene and epidemic prevention in breeding room to improve the competition of living chicken in Hong Kong market; finally, introduce the system of HACCP, and carry out ISO9000 quality management system and ISO14000 environment management system, and adopt the advanced international way to manage the exported enterprises.

第八部分针对目前供港活鸡市场存在的问题，提出发展供港活鸡产业的策略和建议，包括：（1）从供港活鸡主要品种的遗传特性着手，尽快完善供港活鸡主要品种黄羽鸡的良种繁育体系；（2）引进先进的饲料科技技术降低料肉比以提高养禽经济效益；（3）规范肉食饲养的营养标准并加强禽病防疫体系的建设；（4）推动企业建立诚信制度，切实保供港活鸡产品的质量；（5）加强兽药管理和质量监管工作，禁止使用违禁药物和未被批准的药物并完善残留监控体系；（6）切实加强养殖场的卫生防疫工作，增强供港活鸡产品在香港市场的竞争力；（7）导入HACCP体系，尽可能推行ISO9000质量管理体系和ISO14000环境管理体系，以当前国际通行的先进方式管理禽肉出口企业。

The new ideas in the article are the system of distributing transaction and centralized management in student information management, the technology of data transfer between the port of different departments and outside loci and the port of the educational administration department, the design of data stream mode in student information management, the idea of data interface which is isomerous, multisource and videotex, the achievement of information transmission in student information management and so on which are all based on internet.

本文的创新之处主要体现在基于Internet的学籍管理分布处理与集中管理的系统模式、院系端和教务处端的数据传送技术、学籍管理数据流模型设计、异构多源可视化数据接口设计的思想、学籍管理信息发送平台的实现等处。

But some changes, such as development of information technology, innovation of management theory and vigorousness of competition, made MIS directed by old pattern can not meet the variant demands of managers.

在此情况上对管理信息系统的概念模型构架进行研究，提出了管理信息系统的三层构架体系以及信息运动方式，结合该构架体系展开了MIS系统的管理支持体系的研究，提出管理支持的概念、方法、步骤。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。