管制经济

The quality of commercial Mei-Gin products are different from each other XVI and shows unsatisfied results. however, In future, possibly, HMF can be applied as a bioactive standard marker for quality control of Mei-Gin. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of HMF, we can establish the model of quality control, and find out facilitative, efficient, and representative chemical fingerprint for commercial Mei-Gin products. Standardizng the Mei-Gin product from the same procedure will bestead the market of plum in Taiwan. Not only advancing the economic value of plum, but also accelerating the competitiveness in marketplace. Establishent of quality control model with HMF as a bioactive standard marker will be crucial issue in the future.

目前在台湾，梅产品还没有一个可以判断品质优的标准，市面上的产品品质也是差齐，在品质管制方面一直无法获得人满意的成果，透过HMF 的定性定分析，可确初步品质管制的模式，为梅产品订出一个简有效且具代表性的化学指纹图，使所有同一产程的产品一致化以及标准化，这将对於梅子产业有相当大的助，仅可以提升梅子的经济价值，并且增加在市场上的竞争，因此用HMF 作为Bioactive standard marker，并且为梅产品建起品质管制模式在未将会是相当重要的研究之一。

China's well on the road to moving from a state controlled economy to a market driven one but the US treasury secretary says it needs to speed up reform in some area.

美国财政部长说，中国正在顺利进行从国家管制经济到市场经济的转变，但在某些领域需要加快改革的速度。

Command economy; controlled economy; directed economy An economy in which a significant amount of end results is due to the deliberate decision of government bodies rather than to consumer choice plus forces of supply and demand.

管制经济；控制经济；指令经济指一国经济中相当大部分的最终产品的生产是由政府机构的主观决策决定的，而不是来自消费者的抉择和供求的力量。

Most developed countries have established their own telecommunication network cost models. With the fast diffuseness of Internet all over the world and fast development of IP network technologies, traditional telecommunication regulation policies are challenged by IP network and IP services which substitute the traditional services.

大多数电信业发达的国家都相继建立了各自的电信网络成本测算模型，随着互联网业务在全球的逐步普及和网络技术的快速发展，IP网络对传统电信管制经济理论提出了挑战。

A French-language declaration talks of gouvernement économique. But the English version calls for enhanced "economic governance".

一份法语声明谈到"管制经济"但是在英文版声明中则呼吁加强"经济治理"。

This article based on the economics theory, begins with the concept of administrative regulation, elaborates on the related theories, the unites Chinese administrative prices regulations to the electric power industry in practice, further dissects the current issues exits in the prices regulations, at last, draws lessons from the experiences in regulations gained by developed countries from tow aspects of negative and positive to suggest on the electricity price reform at the level of concrete operations.

在文中首先以经济学理论为基础，从政府管制的概念入手，对相关理论进行了系统的阐述，然后结合我国在电力产业政府价格管制方面的实践，深入剖析当前价格管制中存在的问题，最后在借鉴经济发达国家在电价改革中正反两方面的经验教训，对我国的电价改革提出具体的操作建议。

This chapter, by using the theory of public interests of the government control, control-capture theory, the theoretical model of the government control, the minimum government control theory construed the basic contents covered by the government control, and discussed the interactivity and the nonnegligible effects of the government control and the industrial development model. Theses theories provide the convictive constructions to some practical economic problems that cannot be satisfactorily constructed by the traditional economic theories. Thus it makes possible for us to look on the reasons for control rules formulated by the government and some other institutional problems in the industrial evolvement, and analyze the costs of the government control and the restrictive factors and significances of the institutional changes whereof in a never-before-used angle.

第二章分别从政府管制的公共利益论、管制俘获理论、政府管制的理论模型、最小政府管制理论等方面解释了政府管制所涵盖的基本内容，探讨了政府管制与产业发展模式之间的的相互关联和不可忽视的影响，这些理论对许多传统的经济理论难于很好地解释的经济现实问题给予了具有说服力的解释，使我们能够以新的视角来看待产业演进中由政府建立管制规则的理由和其他一些制度问题，分析政府管制的成本及其制度变革的制约因素和意义。

We find that the regulator sticks to ROE, which was set up during the period of economy overheat, to regulate firm-level SEO activities, although the real economy growth has decreased a lot during late 1990s. The rigidity of regulation motivates listed companies to restructure opportunistically.

研究发现，1 997年我国宏观经济由过热转向软着陆，而监管部门对上市公司的配股管制，却仍然采用经济过热时期制订的标准，由于管制标准偏离了实际经济情况和投资者的机会成本，许多上市公司采取了相应的对策———&机会主义资产重组&来规避管制。

If the Trabant was the command economy on wheels, then a dodgy Allegro trailing a rickety caravan on the M5 was the automotive equivalent of the fragile hopes of a better life invested in the Keynesian postwar consensus.

如果特拉贝特中央管制经济的产物，那么追随M5篷车而产生的更为冒险的阿莱格罗则与二战后奉行凯恩斯主义时期追求更好的生活如出一辙，只是追寻的落脚点放在了汽车工业之上。

Based on some conclusion of foregoing and the background and status quo, the paper discusses the object of the reform of airport regulation in China, the principle of single till, incentive, and consultation of airport charge, sliding scale price cap regulation, organization and enforcement of regulation contract, administrative distribution of slots, and environment regulation with economic means.

论文结合中国机场管制的国际国内背景和机场管制与机场改革现状，提出了中国机场管制改革的目标、机场收费管制的单一预算、激励和磋商原则、浮动费率价格上限管制方法以及收费管制合同的组织与实施、枢纽机场起降时刻的行政分配方式和运用经济手段进行环境管制等机场管制框架。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷