管

II: total plate combination duct: duct the overall processing portfolio, including the matching shaped duct.

二：共板组合风管：风管整体加工组合，包括配套异型风管。

Water lines are usually cast iron or ductile iron with copper water service lines; gas lines are made of steel; electric conduit is often galvanized pipe; and copper rods are used for electrical grounding.

水管线常用铸铁管或球墨铸铁管以及铜的进户供水管；天然气用钢管；电缆导管常是镀锌管；而铜棒用于电接地。

In the design of expension tool, the cone angle is the key, because it must satisfy the plastic extreme condition of the expension tube and reduce the upgoing frictional resistance of the expension cone to minimize the possibility of tool sticking. It is preferred that the material quality of expension tube must differs from that of casing and the yield limit of expension tube must be less than that of casing, which is favorable to protect casing.

在膨胀工具结构设计中，锥角设计是关键，除了要满足膨胀管达到塑性极限条件外，还应综合考虑膨胀锥上行的摩阻尽可能小，以减小工具卡死的可能；膨胀管的材质应与套管材质有差异为好，并且膨胀管的屈服极限应小于套管的屈服极限，这样有利于保护套管。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

本文对冷冲压技术的分类、特点及发展方向作了简略概述；论述砬冲压零件的形成原理、基本模具结构与运动过程及其设计原理；对典型的冲压件模具进行了设计：大直径三通管冲压复合模设计盖世了肥直径三通管的加工难题、带有浮动凸凹模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、消音器后补碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模两件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、环形弯曲件的模具设计、铰链卷圆成形工艺及模具设计、半自动送料切角装置设计、滑板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计实现自动送料、长管多孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形零件拉深模与盒形件侧壁小孔翻孔模。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

本文对冷冲压技术的分类、特点及发展方向作砬简略概述；论述了冲压零件的形成原理、基本模具结构与运动过程及其设计原理；对典型的冲压件模具进行了设计：肥直径三通管冲压复合模设计盖世了大直径三通管的加工难题、带後浮动凸凹模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、消音器后补碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模两件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、环形弯曲件的模具设计、铰链卷圆成形工艺及模具设计、半自动送料切角装置设计、滑板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计实现自动送料、长管多孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形零件拉深模与盒形件侧壁小孔翻孔模。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,代写医学论文,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

本文对冷冲压技术的分类、特点及发展标的目的作了简略概说；论述了冲压零件的形成原理、基本模具结构与运动过程及其设计原理；对典型的冲压件模具举行了设计：大直径三通管冲压复合模设计盖世了大直径三通管的加工困难的问题、带有浮动凸凹模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、消音器后补碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模两件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、圆环弯曲件的模具设计、铰链卷圆成形工艺及模具设计、半自动送料切角装配设计、滑板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计实现自动送料、长管多孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形零件拉深模和盒形件侧壁小孔翻孔模。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,代写医学论文,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

本文对于冷冲压技术的分类、特点及成长方向作了简略概说；论述了冲压零件的形成原理、基本模具结构与运动过程及其预设原理；对于典型的冲压件模具进行了预设：大直径三通管冲压复合模预设盖世了大直径三通管的加工难题、带有浮动凸凹模的拉伸冲孔复合模预设、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模预设、消音器后补碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模预设、一模两件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模预设、圆环弯曲件的模具预设、铰链卷圆成形工艺及模具预设、半自动送料切角装置预设、滑板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模预设实现自动送料、长管多孔冲模预设、带凸缘台阶方盒形零件拉深模和盒形件侧壁小孔翻孔模。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

原文对于寒冲压技术的合种、特征及开展圆背做砬简单概述；阐述了冲压整机的构成本理、基础模具构造与活动进程及其设计本理；对典范的冲压件模具进佳的了设计：大曲径三通管冲压复合模设计掀世了大直径三通管的减工困难、带无沉动凸凸模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、长音器后挖碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模二件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、环形弯曲件的模具设计、铰链舒方成形工艺及模具设计、半自动送料切角安装设计、涩板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计完成自动送料、长管少孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形整件拉深模战盒形件正壁小孔翻孔模。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

论述了冲压零件的形成原理、基本模具结构与运动过程及其设计原理；对典型的冲压件模具进行了设计：大直径三通管冲压复合模设计解决了大直径三通管的加工难题、带有浮动凸凹模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、消音器后补碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模两件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、环形弯曲件的模具设计、铰链卷圆成形工艺及模具设计、半自动送料切角装置设计、滑板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计实现自动送料、长管多孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形零件拉深模和盒形件侧壁小孔翻孔模。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,代写医学论文,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

本文对于冷冲压技术的分类、特点及发展方向作了简略概述；论述了冲压零件的形成道理、基本生产模型结构与运动历程及其设计道理；对于典型的冲压件生产模型进行了设计：大直径三通管冲压复合模设计盖世了大直径三通管的加工难题、带有浮动凸凹模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、消音器后补碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模两件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、环形屈曲件的生产模型设计、铰链卷圆成形工艺及生产模型设计、半自动送料切角装置设计、滑板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计实现自动送料、长管多孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形零件拉深模以及盒形件侧壁孔眼翻孔模。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。