算术的

We can use software to do most calculation but not use hardware. The most basic circuit doing calculation in the computer is binary adder. For example, we can use of addition to do subtracting, continuous adding to do multiplication, and continuous subtracting to do division.

在电脑的世界里，可以做任何数字系统且复杂的演算，但是大多数的演算都藉由软体来解决，而非用硬体直接进行各种演算，电脑的硬体或其他数位电路在做算术运算时，最基本的电路往往只有二进位加法器而已，至於减法可藉由补数的加法解决，乘法等於连续的加法，除法则是连续的减法，可见加法器在运算数位系统中的重要性。

The main results are as follows:We review the existing Monte Carlo control variates estimators of the price of Asian options and propose a new one. According to pratical needs, we define efficiency as the inverse of the product of the variance of an estimator and its computational time and make it a standard for comparisons to draw the following conclusions: Firstly, the more control variates correlate with arithmetic average Asian options, the larger is the efficiency of an estimator with these control variates, but among which the geometric average option plays the most important role; Secondly, an estimator with more control variates is better than one with less ones only when the time to maturity is long and the volatility is high.

在综合已有研究工作的基础上，本论文的主要创新成果如下：（1）我们回顾了已有的亚洲期权价格的蒙特卡罗控制变量估计，并提出了一个新的控制变量估计，且从客观实际出发，将估计值的方差和计算时间的乘积的倒数定义为效率并以它为标准比较各估计，得到以下结论：与算术平均亚洲期权相关程度越大的控制变量构成的估计的效率越大，而其中起主要作用的控制变量为几何平均亚洲期权的价格；只有在到期时间较长且标的资产的波动率较大时，元素多的多元控制变量估计比元素少的效率大。

The Baseline Profile supports intra and inter-coding (using I-slices and P-slices) and entropy coding with context-adaptive variable-length codes. The Main Profile includes support for interlaced video, inter-coding using B-slices, inter coding using weighted prediction and entropy coding using context-based arithmetic coding. The Extended Profile does not support interlaced video or CABAC but adds modes to enable efficient switching between coded bitstreams (SP- and SI-slices) and improved error resilience.

基本档次支持帧内和帧间编码及自适应上下文变长编码的熵编码；主要档次支持交替视频，使用B条带的帧间编码，使用加权预测的帧间编码，使用基于上下文的算术编码的熵编码；扩展档次不支持交替视频或CABAC熵编码，但增加了一种模式允许有效的交换编码的位流，即SI、SP帧，并改进了错误恢复机制。

The typical Arithmetic Coding does not map a single source to a word, but maps the whole input symbol sequence to a section of 0,1 on the real number axis, the width of which is equal to the probably of the sequence. A representative binary fraction in the section is chosen as real output to get efficient compressed codes.

典型的算术编码不是将单个的信源符号映射成一个码字，而是将整个输入符号序列映射成为实数轴上0，1区间内的一个小区间，其长度等于该序列的概率；在该小区间内选择一个代表性的二进制小数，作为实际的编码输出，从而达到了高效编码的目的。

Our within-subject analysis also showed activation of brain areas associated with negative emotions, including right insula and putamen (11, 38), during the high-stress relative to the low-stress task. The observed activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex ACC and precuneus parietal cortex may ref lect mental arithmetical performance (39) and assessment of the mental state (40) during the serial-subtraction task, whereas the CBF reduction in pre- and postcentral gyri and temporal cortex may ref lect more frequent verbal movement and greater auditory stimulation during counting backward versus serial subtraction.

我们的在之内主题分析也显示了脑子区域的活化作用与消极情感相关，包括正确的脑岛并且putamen (11， 38)，在期间高注重相对低注重任务在连续减法任务期间，被观察的活化作用在dorsomedial前头叶外皮ACC和precuneus头顶骨外皮可以ref lect精神算术对精神状态(40)的表现(39)和评估，而CBF减少前和中央后回和世俗外皮可以ref lect更加频繁的口头运动和更加伟大的听觉刺激在计数期间落后对连续减法。

The crossover operation in the traditional GA operating is that choose two chromosome cross only at random also you can cross a bit, match and cross partly, cross order and cross cycle etc.

传统GA算法中的交叉操作，是随机选取两个染色体进行单点交叉(也可以多点交叉、部分匹配交叉、顺序交叉和周期交叉等等)，但是不管是采用何种交叉操作，新的子代染色体某一基因位上的值都是由两个父代染色体中相应基因位值经过一定交叉运算(直接交换或经算术运算等)所得到的，采用这种交叉算子操作使群体经过多次迭代后群体中的个体开始出现极大的相似性，因此照此下去就会出现早期收敛现象，使得算法的收敛速度非常慢甚至只能求到问题的局部最优解。

The crossover operation in the traditional GA operating is that choose two chromosome cross only at random also you can cross a bit, match and cross partly, cross order and cross cycle etc.

传统GA算法中的交*操作，是随机选取两个染色体进行单点交*(也可以多点交*、部分匹配交*、顺序交*和周期交*等等)，但是不管是采用何种交*操作，新的子代染色体某一基因位上的值都是由两个父代染色体中相应基因位值经过一定交*运算(直接交换或经算术运算等)所得到的，采用这种交*算子操作使群体经过多次迭代后群体中的个体开始出现极大的相似性，因此照此下去就会出现早期收敛现象，使得算法的收敛速度非常慢甚至只能求到问题的局部最优解。

To present an adhesive sheet roll for wafer processing excellent in storage stability, radiation curing property, and low contamination to wafer.

一种保存稳定性、放射线固化性以及对晶圆的低污染性优异的筒状晶圆加工用粘合片，是将由基材薄膜、放射线固化性粘合剂层、以及脱模薄膜按顺序层叠而成的层叠薄膜，多重缠绕而形成的筒状晶圆加工用粘合片，所述基材薄膜和/或脱模薄膜的与放射线固化性粘合剂层接触的面的另外面侧表面的轮廓算术平均偏差为1μm以上，且所述放射线固化性粘合剂层中所含的自由基聚合抑制剂的重量低于1000ppm。

Conventional video compression algorithms have higher compressibility, but the output code stream still needs recoding. A selfadapting arithmetic encoder was required in practical application to produce a final code stream, which can eliminate redundancy in binary code stream to obtain higher encode efficiency. QM arithmetic encoder is a high efficiency encoder designed for the simplicity and speed.

传统的图像压缩算法有较高的压缩码率，但生成的码流仍需要再次编码，实际使用中需要通过一个自适应的算术编码器才能生成最终的码流，以消除二进制码流中的冗余，得到更高的编码效率。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。